NAR High Power Rocketry Level 2 Study Guide - johnny_lee - #9480

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NAR High Power Rocketry Level 2 Study Guide

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Created this using NotebookLM for my drive to the launch site. I thought it would be useful to share.

Based on https://www.nar.org/docs.ashx?id=1342728

Transcript

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

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Welcome<00:00:00.400><c> back</c><00:00:00.560><c> to</c><00:00:00.719><c> the</c><00:00:00.880><c> deep</c><00:00:01.120><c> dive.</c><00:00:01.680><c> Today</c>

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Welcome back to the deep dive. Today

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Welcome back to the deep dive. Today
we're<00:00:02.560><c> uh</c><00:00:02.800><c> taking</c><00:00:03.040><c> off</c><00:00:03.360><c> into</c><00:00:03.600><c> the</c>

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we're uh taking off into the

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we're uh taking off into the
high-flying,<00:00:04.480><c> meticulously</c><00:00:05.279><c> engineered</c>

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high-flying, meticulously engineered

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high-flying, meticulously engineered
world<00:00:06.000><c> of</c><00:00:06.240><c> high</c><00:00:06.560><c> power</c><00:00:06.879><c> rocketry.</c>

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world of high power rocketry.

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world of high power rocketry.
>> We've<00:00:08.559><c> just</c><00:00:08.800><c> absorbed</c><00:00:09.200><c> a</c><00:00:09.440><c> fascinating</c>

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>> We've just absorbed a fascinating

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>> We've just absorbed a fascinating
source,<00:00:10.320><c> the</c><00:00:10.480><c> N</c><00:00:11.040><c> level</c><00:00:11.360><c> two</c><00:00:11.519><c> written</c><00:00:11.840><c> exam</c>

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source, the N level two written exam

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source, the N level two written exam
study<00:00:12.480><c> bit</c><00:00:12.639><c> and</c><00:00:12.800><c> question</c><00:00:13.120><c> pool.</c><00:00:13.759><c> And</c><00:00:14.000><c> our</c>

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study bit and question pool. And our

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study bit and question pool. And our
mission,<00:00:14.559><c> well,</c><00:00:14.799><c> as</c><00:00:15.040><c> always,</c><00:00:15.440><c> is</c><00:00:15.679><c> to</c><00:00:15.839><c> extract</c>

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mission, well, as always, is to extract

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mission, well, as always, is to extract
the<00:00:16.480><c> most</c><00:00:16.720><c> crucial</c><00:00:17.119><c> knowledge,</c><00:00:17.680><c> maybe</c><00:00:18.000><c> some</c>

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the most crucial knowledge, maybe some

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the most crucial knowledge, maybe some
surprising<00:00:18.640><c> insights</c><00:00:19.600><c> and</c><00:00:20.000><c> uh</c><00:00:20.160><c> a</c><00:00:20.320><c> few</c><00:00:20.480><c> aha</c>

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surprising insights and uh a few aha

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surprising insights and uh a few aha
moments<00:00:21.520><c> to</c><00:00:21.760><c> get</c><00:00:21.840><c> you</c><00:00:22.080><c> well</c><00:00:22.320><c> informed</c><00:00:23.119><c> fast.</c>

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moments to get you well informed fast.

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moments to get you well informed fast.
>> It<00:00:24.080><c> really</c><00:00:24.320><c> is</c><00:00:24.480><c> a</c><00:00:24.640><c> field</c><00:00:24.880><c> where,</c><00:00:25.279><c> you</c><00:00:25.439><c> know,</c>

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>> It really is a field where, you know,

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>> It really is a field where, you know,
passion<00:00:26.960><c> for</c><00:00:27.199><c> flight</c><00:00:27.920><c> absolutely</c><00:00:28.480><c> demands</c>

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passion for flight absolutely demands

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passion for flight absolutely demands
precision.<00:00:29.519><c> Mhm.</c>

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precision. Mhm.

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precision. Mhm.
>> And<00:00:30.800><c> an</c><00:00:31.119><c> unwavering</c><00:00:31.840><c> commitment</c><00:00:32.239><c> to</c><00:00:32.480><c> safety.</c>

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>> And an unwavering commitment to safety.

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>> And an unwavering commitment to safety.
>> Right.

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>> Right.

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>> Right.
>> What's<00:00:33.760><c> truly</c><00:00:34.079><c> insightful</c><00:00:34.559><c> here,</c><00:00:34.800><c> I</c><00:00:34.960><c> think,</c>

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>> What's truly insightful here, I think,

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>> What's truly insightful here, I think,
is<00:00:35.200><c> how</c><00:00:35.440><c> this</c><00:00:35.680><c> guide</c><00:00:36.480><c> condenses</c><00:00:37.040><c> these</c>

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is how this guide condenses these

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is how this guide condenses these
incredibly<00:00:37.920><c> complex</c><00:00:38.480><c> federal</c><00:00:38.879><c> regulations</c>

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incredibly complex federal regulations

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incredibly complex federal regulations
and<00:00:40.079><c> um</c><00:00:40.640><c> advanced</c><00:00:41.040><c> safety</c><00:00:41.360><c> protocols</c><00:00:41.840><c> into</c><00:00:42.079><c> a</c>

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and um advanced safety protocols into a

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and um advanced safety protocols into a
practical<00:00:42.960><c> framework.</c><00:00:43.600><c> We're</c><00:00:43.760><c> going</c><00:00:43.840><c> to</c><00:00:43.920><c> try</c>

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practical framework. We're going to try

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practical framework. We're going to try
and<00:00:44.160><c> demystify</c><00:00:44.879><c> everything</c><00:00:45.200><c> from</c><00:00:45.360><c> those</c>

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and demystify everything from those

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and demystify everything from those
cryptic<00:00:45.920><c> codes</c><00:00:46.160><c> on</c><00:00:46.239><c> a</c><00:00:46.399><c> rocket</c><00:00:46.640><c> loader</c><00:00:47.280><c> to</c><00:00:47.600><c> the</c>

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cryptic codes on a rocket loader to the

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cryptic codes on a rocket loader to the
hidden<00:00:48.160><c> engineering</c><00:00:48.640><c> details</c><00:00:49.120><c> like</c><00:00:49.360><c> like</c><00:00:49.600><c> why</c>

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hidden engineering details like like why

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hidden engineering details like like why
a<00:00:50.079><c> tiny</c><00:00:50.320><c> vent</c><00:00:50.559><c> hole</c><00:00:50.800><c> can</c><00:00:51.039><c> literally</c><00:00:51.280><c> make</c><00:00:51.440><c> or</c>

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a tiny vent hole can literally make or

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a tiny vent hole can literally make or
break<00:00:51.760><c> a</c><00:00:51.920><c> flight.</c>

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break a flight.

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break a flight.
>> Okay,<00:00:52.480><c> let's</c><00:00:52.640><c> unpack</c><00:00:52.960><c> this</c><00:00:53.120><c> then.</c><00:00:53.520><c> Before</c><00:00:53.760><c> you</c>

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>> Okay, let's unpack this then. Before you

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>> Okay, let's unpack this then. Before you
even<00:00:54.160><c> dream</c><00:00:54.399><c> of</c><00:00:54.559><c> sending</c><00:00:54.719><c> a</c><00:00:54.879><c> rocket</c><00:00:55.199><c> soaring,</c>

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even dream of sending a rocket soaring,

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even dream of sending a rocket soaring,
you<00:00:55.680><c> you</c><00:00:56.000><c> have</c><00:00:56.079><c> to</c><00:00:56.239><c> navigate</c><00:00:56.640><c> the</c><00:00:56.800><c> rules.</c><00:00:57.280><c> Our</c>

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you you have to navigate the rules. Our

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you you have to navigate the rules. Our
guide<00:00:57.840><c> points</c><00:00:58.160><c> to</c><00:00:58.320><c> two</c><00:00:58.480><c> absolute</c><00:00:58.960><c> giants</c><00:00:59.359><c> in</c>

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guide points to two absolute giants in

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guide points to two absolute giants in
this<00:00:59.680><c> space.</c><00:01:00.000><c> The</c><00:01:00.160><c> National</c><00:01:00.399><c> Fire</c><00:01:00.640><c> Protection</c>

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this space. The National Fire Protection

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this space. The National Fire Protection
Association<00:01:01.600><c> or</c><00:01:01.840><c> NFPA</c><00:01:02.640><c> and</c><00:01:03.039><c> the</c><00:01:03.280><c> Federal</c>

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Association or NFPA and the Federal

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Association or NFPA and the Federal
Aviation<00:01:04.320><c> Regulations</c><00:01:04.960><c> known</c><00:01:05.199><c> as</c><00:01:05.439><c> F.</c><00:01:06.080><c> These</c>

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Aviation Regulations known as F. These

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Aviation Regulations known as F. These
aren't<00:01:06.560><c> just</c><00:01:06.720><c> suggestions,</c><00:01:07.280><c> are</c><00:01:07.439><c> they?</c>

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aren't just suggestions, are they?

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aren't just suggestions, are they?
They're<00:01:07.920><c> like</c><00:01:08.320><c> the</c><00:01:08.560><c> bedrock.</c>

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They're like the bedrock.

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They're like the bedrock.
>> Exactly.<00:01:09.760><c> They</c><00:01:09.920><c> are</c><00:01:10.080><c> the</c><00:01:10.240><c> bedrock</c><00:01:10.799><c> for</c><00:01:11.040><c> high</c>

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>> Exactly. They are the bedrock for high

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>> Exactly. They are the bedrock for high
power<00:01:11.600><c> rocketry.</c><00:01:12.560><c> The</c><00:01:12.799><c> key</c><00:01:13.040><c> NFPA</c><00:01:13.680><c> standard</c><00:01:14.080><c> is</c>

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power rocketry. The key NFPA standard is

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power rocketry. The key NFPA standard is
NFPA<00:01:15.600><c> 1127.</c>

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NFPA 1127.

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NFPA 1127.
>> 1127.

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>> 1127.

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>> 1127.
>> And<00:01:17.920><c> it's</c><00:01:18.159><c> crucial</c><00:01:18.400><c> to</c><00:01:18.560><c> remember</c><00:01:18.880><c> this</c><00:01:19.119><c> is</c>

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>> And it's crucial to remember this is

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>> And it's crucial to remember this is
distinct<00:01:19.680><c> from</c><00:01:19.920><c> NFPA</c><00:01:20.720><c> 1122</c><00:01:22.080><c> which</c><00:01:22.560><c> uh</c><00:01:22.720><c> covers</c>

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distinct from NFPA 1122 which uh covers

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distinct from NFPA 1122 which uh covers
the<00:01:23.520><c> smaller</c><00:01:23.920><c> model</c><00:01:24.240><c> rockets.</c>

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the smaller model rockets.

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the smaller model rockets.
>> Ah,<00:01:25.280><c> okay.</c><00:01:25.439><c> Okay,</c>

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>> Ah, okay. Okay,

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>> Ah, okay. Okay,
>> think<00:01:25.840><c> of</c><00:01:26.000><c> 1127</c><00:01:26.640><c> as</c><00:01:26.799><c> the</c><00:01:27.040><c> foundational</c><00:01:27.600><c> safety</c>

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>> think of 1127 as the foundational safety

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>> think of 1127 as the foundational safety
code.<00:01:28.320><c> It</c><00:01:28.560><c> dictates</c><00:01:29.040><c> everything</c><00:01:29.280><c> from</c><00:01:29.520><c> motor</c>

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code. It dictates everything from motor

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code. It dictates everything from motor
sizes<00:01:30.640><c> to</c><00:01:31.200><c> launch</c><00:01:31.600><c> site</c><00:01:31.840><c> requirements.</c><00:01:32.799><c> And</c>

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sizes to launch site requirements. And

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sizes to launch site requirements. And
then<00:01:33.520><c> all</c><00:01:33.759><c> rocket</c><00:01:34.159><c> activity</c><00:01:34.479><c> falls</c><00:01:34.720><c> under</c><00:01:35.040><c> FAA</c>

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then all rocket activity falls under FAA

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then all rocket activity falls under FAA
part<00:01:36.159><c> 101.</c>

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part 101.

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part 101.
>> Part<00:01:36.960><c> 101.</c><00:01:37.360><c> And</c><00:01:37.520><c> that</c><00:01:37.759><c> covers</c><00:01:38.079><c> a</c><00:01:38.240><c> lot</c><00:01:38.400><c> more</c>

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>> Part 101. And that covers a lot more

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>> Part 101. And that covers a lot more
than<00:01:38.720><c> just</c><00:01:38.880><c> rockets,</c><00:01:39.200><c> right?</c>

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than just rockets, right?

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than just rockets, right?
>> Oh<00:01:39.600><c> yeah,</c><00:01:39.680><c> it</c><00:01:39.840><c> covers</c><00:01:40.079><c> everything</c><00:01:40.240><c> from</c><00:01:40.560><c> board</c>

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>> Oh yeah, it covers everything from board

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>> Oh yeah, it covers everything from board
balloons<00:01:41.200><c> to</c><00:01:41.520><c> amateur</c><00:01:42.000><c> rockets,</c><00:01:42.400><c> the</c><00:01:42.640><c> whole</c>

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balloons to amateur rockets, the whole

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balloons to amateur rockets, the whole
gamut.

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gamut.

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gamut.
>> So<00:01:43.600><c> understanding</c><00:01:44.159><c> whether</c><00:01:44.479><c> your</c><00:01:44.720><c> rocket</c><00:01:44.960><c> is</c>

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>> So understanding whether your rocket is

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>> So understanding whether your rocket is
a<00:01:45.360><c> model</c><00:01:45.680><c> or</c><00:01:45.840><c> a</c><00:01:46.000><c> high</c><00:01:46.320><c> power</c><00:01:46.640><c> rocket,</c>

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a model or a high power rocket,

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a model or a high power rocket,
>> that's<00:01:47.759><c> kind</c><00:01:47.840><c> of</c><00:01:47.920><c> the</c><00:01:48.159><c> first</c><00:01:48.399><c> big</c><00:01:48.640><c> hurdle,</c>

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>> that's kind of the first big hurdle,

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>> that's kind of the first big hurdle,
isn't<00:01:49.200><c> it?</c><00:01:49.439><c> Because</c><00:01:49.680><c> that</c><00:01:49.840><c> determines</c><00:01:50.320><c> if</c><00:01:50.560><c> you</c>

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isn't it? Because that determines if you

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isn't it? Because that determines if you
need<00:01:50.960><c> that</c><00:01:51.200><c> FAA</c><00:01:51.680><c> certificate</c><00:01:52.079><c> of</c><00:01:52.240><c> waiver</c><00:01:52.560><c> or</c>

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need that FAA certificate of waiver or

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need that FAA certificate of waiver or
authorization,<00:01:53.600><c> a</c><00:01:53.759><c> COA.</c><00:01:54.560><c> That's</c><00:01:54.799><c> the</c><00:01:55.040><c> key</c>

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authorization, a COA. That's the key

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authorization, a COA. That's the key
distinction.<00:01:55.680><c> Yes.</c>

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distinction. Yes.

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distinction. Yes.
>> So,<00:01:56.240><c> what</c><00:01:56.399><c> defines</c><00:01:56.720><c> a</c><00:01:56.960><c> class</c><00:01:57.200><c> one</c><00:01:57.439><c> model</c>

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>> So, what defines a class one model

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>> So, what defines a class one model
rocket<00:01:58.159><c> where</c><00:01:58.320><c> you</c><00:01:58.560><c> generally</c><00:01:58.960><c> don't</c><00:01:59.119><c> need</c>

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rocket where you generally don't need

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rocket where you generally don't need
that<00:01:59.520><c> COA?</c>

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that COA?

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that COA?
>> Great<00:02:00.479><c> question</c><00:02:00.880><c> because</c><00:02:01.119><c> this</c><00:02:01.360><c> distinction</c>

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>> Great question because this distinction

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>> Great question because this distinction
is<00:02:02.079><c> well</c><00:02:02.479><c> fundamental.</c><00:02:03.119><c> A</c><00:02:03.280><c> class</c><00:02:03.600><c> one</c><00:02:03.759><c> model</c>

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is well fundamental. A class one model

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is well fundamental. A class one model
rocket<00:02:04.320><c> has</c><00:02:04.479><c> two</c><00:02:04.719><c> main</c><00:02:04.960><c> limits.</c><00:02:05.600><c> Its</c><00:02:05.920><c> total</c>

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rocket has two main limits. Its total

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rocket has two main limits. Its total
flight<00:02:06.560><c> ready</c><00:02:06.799><c> weight</c><00:02:07.040><c> must</c><00:02:07.280><c> be</c><00:02:07.439><c> under</c><00:02:07.920><c> 1500</c>

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flight ready weight must be under 1500

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flight ready weight must be under 1500
gram.<00:02:08.640><c> That's</c><00:02:08.800><c> about</c><00:02:09.039><c> 3.3</c><00:02:09.679><c> lb.</c>

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gram. That's about 3.3 lb.

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gram. That's about 3.3 lb.
>> Okay.<00:02:10.800><c> 1500</c><00:02:11.200><c> g.</c>

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>> Okay. 1500 g.

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>> Okay. 1500 g.
>> And<00:02:11.760><c> its</c><00:02:11.920><c> propellant</c><00:02:12.400><c> weight</c><00:02:13.280><c> cannot</c><00:02:13.840><c> exceed</c>

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>> And its propellant weight cannot exceed

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>> And its propellant weight cannot exceed
125<00:02:14.959><c> gram,</c><00:02:15.360><c> which</c><00:02:15.599><c> is</c><00:02:15.760><c> roughly</c><00:02:16.160><c> 4.4</c><00:02:16.800><c> ounces.</c>

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125 gram, which is roughly 4.4 ounces.

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125 gram, which is roughly 4.4 ounces.
>> 125<00:02:18.239><c> grams</c><00:02:18.640><c> propellant.</c><00:02:19.200><c> Got</c><00:02:19.440><c> it.</c><00:02:19.760><c> If</c><00:02:19.920><c> you</c>

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>> 125 grams propellant. Got it. If you

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>> 125 grams propellant. Got it. If you
exceed<00:02:20.480><c> either</c><00:02:20.720><c> of</c><00:02:20.879><c> those,</c><00:02:21.360><c> you're</c><00:02:21.599><c> stepping</c>

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exceed either of those, you're stepping

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exceed either of those, you're stepping
into<00:02:22.480><c> high</c><00:02:22.800><c> power</c><00:02:23.040><c> rocketry</c><00:02:23.599><c> territory.</c>

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into high power rocketry territory.

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into high power rocketry territory.
>> That<00:02:24.560><c> immediately</c><00:02:24.959><c> clarifies</c><00:02:25.520><c> things.</c><00:02:26.080><c> So,</c>

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>> That immediately clarifies things. So,

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>> That immediately clarifies things. So,
if<00:02:26.480><c> I'm</c><00:02:26.720><c> building</c><00:02:26.959><c> something</c><00:02:27.200><c> bigger,</c><00:02:27.680><c> maybe</c>

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if I'm building something bigger, maybe

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if I'm building something bigger, maybe
heavier,<00:02:28.800><c> how</c><00:02:29.040><c> do</c><00:02:29.200><c> I</c><00:02:29.360><c> know</c><00:02:29.599><c> if</c><00:02:29.760><c> the</c><00:02:30.000><c> motor</c>

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heavier, how do I know if the motor

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heavier, how do I know if the motor
itself<00:02:31.360><c> qualifies</c><00:02:32.000><c> as</c><00:02:32.160><c> a</c><00:02:32.400><c> high</c><00:02:32.640><c> power</c><00:02:32.959><c> rocket</c>

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itself qualifies as a high power rocket

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itself qualifies as a high power rocket
motor?<00:02:33.599><c> Is</c><00:02:33.760><c> it</c><00:02:33.920><c> just</c><00:02:34.080><c> size?</c>

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motor? Is it just size?

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motor? Is it just size?
>> Well,<00:02:34.800><c> this</c><00:02:34.959><c> is</c><00:02:35.040><c> where</c><00:02:35.200><c> it</c><00:02:35.360><c> gets</c><00:02:35.519><c> really</c>

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>> Well, this is where it gets really

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>> Well, this is where it gets really
interesting<00:02:36.160><c> because</c><00:02:36.400><c> the</c><00:02:36.720><c> definition</c><00:02:37.040><c> of</c><00:02:37.200><c> an</c>

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interesting because the definition of an

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interesting because the definition of an
HPR<00:02:37.920><c> motor</c><00:02:38.160><c> goes</c><00:02:38.400><c> beyond</c><00:02:38.800><c> just</c><00:02:39.440><c> bigger.</c><00:02:40.400><c> It's</c>

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HPR motor goes beyond just bigger. It's

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HPR motor goes beyond just bigger. It's
considered<00:02:40.959><c> an</c><00:02:41.200><c> HPR</c><00:02:41.680><c> motor</c><00:02:42.000><c> if</c><00:02:42.239><c> it's</c><00:02:42.480><c> total</c>

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considered an HPR motor if it's total

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considered an HPR motor if it's total
impulse.<00:02:43.440><c> That's,</c><00:02:43.840><c> you</c><00:02:44.000><c> know,</c><00:02:44.160><c> the</c><00:02:44.400><c> overall</c>

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impulse. That's, you know, the overall

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impulse. That's, you know, the overall
push<00:02:45.440><c> the</c><00:02:45.680><c> motor</c><00:02:45.920><c> gives</c><00:02:46.239><c> your</c><00:02:46.480><c> rocket</c><00:02:46.879><c> over</c>

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push the motor gives your rocket over

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push the motor gives your rocket over
its<00:02:47.360><c> entire</c><00:02:47.680><c> burn,</c>

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its entire burn,

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its entire burn,
>> right?<00:02:48.160><c> That</c><00:02:48.319><c> the</c><00:02:48.480><c> total</c><00:02:48.720><c> energy.</c><00:02:49.200><c> Exactly.</c>

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>> right? That the total energy. Exactly.

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>> right? That the total energy. Exactly.
If<00:02:50.000><c> that's</c><00:02:50.239><c> more</c><00:02:50.400><c> than</c><00:02:50.800><c> 160</c><00:02:51.440><c> Newton</c><00:02:51.760><c> seconds.</c>

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If that's more than 160 Newton seconds.

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If that's more than 160 Newton seconds.
Okay.

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Okay.

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Okay.
>> Or<00:02:53.280><c> if</c><00:02:53.519><c> its</c><00:02:53.760><c> average</c><00:02:54.160><c> thrust</c><00:02:54.800><c> meaning</c><00:02:55.120><c> how</c>

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>> Or if its average thrust meaning how

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>> Or if its average thrust meaning how
hard<00:02:55.440><c> it's</c><00:02:55.680><c> pushing</c><00:02:56.000><c> like</c><00:02:56.239><c> moment</c><00:02:56.480><c> to</c><00:02:56.720><c> moment</c>

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hard it's pushing like moment to moment

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hard it's pushing like moment to moment
is<00:02:57.200><c> greater</c><00:02:57.519><c> than</c><00:02:57.680><c> 80</c><00:02:57.920><c> newton.</c>

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is greater than 80 newton.

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is greater than 80 newton.
>> You<00:02:58.480><c> didn't</c><00:02:58.800><c> average</c>

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>> You didn't average

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>> You didn't average
>> or<00:02:59.519><c> finally</c><00:03:00.080><c> if</c><00:03:00.239><c> its</c><00:03:00.480><c> propellant</c><00:03:00.959><c> weight</c><00:03:01.200><c> is</c>

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>> or finally if its propellant weight is

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>> or finally if its propellant weight is
greater<00:03:01.680><c> than</c><00:03:02.239><c> 125</c><00:03:02.720><c> g.</c>

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greater than 125 g.

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greater than 125 g.
>> Ah<00:03:03.599><c> same</c><00:03:03.920><c> propellant</c><00:03:04.400><c> limit</c><00:03:04.640><c> as</c><00:03:04.879><c> the</c><00:03:05.120><c> class</c>

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>> Ah same propellant limit as the class

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>> Ah same propellant limit as the class
one<00:03:05.599><c> definition</c>

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one definition

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one definition
>> precisely.<00:03:07.040><c> And</c><00:03:07.280><c> what</c><00:03:07.440><c> often</c><00:03:07.760><c> surprises</c>

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>> precisely. And what often surprises

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>> precisely. And what often surprises
people<00:03:08.640><c> is</c><00:03:08.879><c> that</c><00:03:09.280><c> the</c><00:03:09.599><c> type</c><00:03:09.760><c> of</c><00:03:09.920><c> propellant</c>

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people is that the type of propellant

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people is that the type of propellant
like<00:03:10.720><c> whether</c><00:03:10.959><c> it's</c><00:03:11.280><c> composite</c><00:03:11.680><c> or</c><00:03:12.000><c> black</c>

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like whether it's composite or black

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like whether it's composite or black
powder<00:03:13.040><c> that's</c><00:03:13.280><c> not</c><00:03:13.360><c> a</c><00:03:13.599><c> defining</c>

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powder that's not a defining

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powder that's not a defining
characteristic<00:03:14.560><c> for</c><00:03:14.800><c> HPR</c><00:03:15.360><c> motors.</c>

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characteristic for HPR motors.

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characteristic for HPR motors.
>> Yeah.

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>> Yeah.

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>> Yeah.
>> It's<00:03:16.319><c> all</c><00:03:16.480><c> about</c><00:03:16.640><c> that</c><00:03:16.879><c> power</c><00:03:17.040><c> output.</c><00:03:17.440><c> So,</c><00:03:17.680><c> if</c>

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>> It's all about that power output. So, if

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>> It's all about that power output. So, if
you<00:03:18.080><c> hit</c><00:03:18.319><c> any</c><00:03:18.560><c> of</c><00:03:18.640><c> those</c><00:03:18.879><c> thresholds,</c>

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you hit any of those thresholds,

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you hit any of those thresholds,
impulse,<00:03:20.959><c> thrust,</c><00:03:21.440><c> or</c><00:03:21.760><c> propellant</c><00:03:22.239><c> weight,</c>

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impulse, thrust, or propellant weight,

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impulse, thrust, or propellant weight,
you're<00:03:23.760><c> firmly</c><00:03:24.159><c> in</c><00:03:24.319><c> HPR</c><00:03:24.879><c> territory.</c><00:03:26.000><c> What</c>

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you're firmly in HPR territory. What

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you're firmly in HPR territory. What
does<00:03:26.319><c> that</c><00:03:26.480><c> mean</c><00:03:26.640><c> for</c><00:03:26.800><c> you,</c><00:03:27.040><c> the</c><00:03:27.280><c> rocketeer?</c>

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does that mean for you, the rocketeer?

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does that mean for you, the rocketeer?
Are<00:03:28.159><c> there</c><00:03:28.400><c> like</c><00:03:28.640><c> age</c><00:03:28.959><c> limits</c><00:03:29.280><c> or</c><00:03:29.519><c> maybe</c>

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Are there like age limits or maybe

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Are there like age limits or maybe
maximum<00:03:30.319><c> power</c><00:03:30.640><c> limits</c><00:03:30.959><c> for</c><00:03:31.120><c> the</c><00:03:31.280><c> whole</c>

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maximum power limits for the whole

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maximum power limits for the whole
rocket?

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rocket?

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rocket?
>> Absolutely.<00:03:32.480><c> To</c><00:03:32.720><c> even</c><00:03:32.959><c> fly</c><00:03:33.200><c> a</c><00:03:33.360><c> high</c><00:03:33.599><c> power</c>

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>> Absolutely. To even fly a high power

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>> Absolutely. To even fly a high power
rocket<00:03:34.239><c> legally,</c><00:03:34.959><c> you</c><00:03:35.120><c> must</c><00:03:35.360><c> be</c><00:03:35.519><c> a</c><00:03:35.680><c> minimum</c><00:03:36.080><c> of</c>

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rocket legally, you must be a minimum of

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rocket legally, you must be a minimum of
18<00:03:36.720><c> years</c><00:03:36.959><c> of</c><00:03:37.120><c> age.</c><00:03:37.680><c> That's</c><00:03:37.920><c> per</c><00:03:38.239><c> NFPA</c><00:03:38.959><c> 1127.</c>

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18 years of age. That's per NFPA 1127.

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18 years of age. That's per NFPA 1127.
>> Okay.<00:03:40.239><c> 18</c><00:03:40.560><c> plus.</c><00:03:40.959><c> And</c><00:03:41.200><c> when</c><00:03:41.360><c> it</c><00:03:41.440><c> comes</c><00:03:41.599><c> to</c><00:03:41.760><c> the</c>

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>> Okay. 18 plus. And when it comes to the

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>> Okay. 18 plus. And when it comes to the
rocket's<00:03:42.319><c> power,</c><00:03:42.799><c> NFPA</c><00:03:43.440><c> 11227</c><00:03:44.720><c> sets</c><00:03:45.040><c> a</c>

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rocket's power, NFPA 11227 sets a

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rocket's power, NFPA 11227 sets a
maximum<00:03:45.599><c> total</c><00:03:45.840><c> impulse</c><00:03:46.319><c> of</c><00:03:46.560><c> 40,960</c>

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maximum total impulse of 40,960

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maximum total impulse of 40,960
Newton<00:03:48.400><c> seconds.</c><00:03:49.280><c> That's</c><00:03:49.519><c> a</c><00:03:49.760><c> lot</c><00:03:49.840><c> of</c><00:03:50.000><c> power.</c>

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Newton seconds. That's a lot of power.

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Newton seconds. That's a lot of power.
>> Huge.

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>> Huge.

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>> Huge.
>> But<00:03:51.360><c> here's</c><00:03:51.519><c> a</c><00:03:51.760><c> fascinating</c><00:03:52.239><c> detail.</c><00:03:52.879><c> There's</c>

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>> But here's a fascinating detail. There's

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>> But here's a fascinating detail. There's
actually<00:03:53.360><c> no</c><00:03:53.760><c> maximum</c><00:03:54.239><c> allowable</c><00:03:54.799><c> weight</c><00:03:55.120><c> for</c>

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actually no maximum allowable weight for

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actually no maximum allowable weight for
the<00:03:55.440><c> rocket</c><00:03:55.760><c> itself.</c>

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the rocket itself.

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the rocket itself.
>> Really?<00:03:56.560><c> No</c><00:03:56.799><c> weight</c><00:03:57.040><c> limit.</c>

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>> Really? No weight limit.

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>> Really? No weight limit.
>> Provided<00:03:57.760><c> the</c><00:03:58.000><c> rocket</c><00:03:58.239><c> weighs</c><00:03:58.560><c> less</c><00:03:58.799><c> than</c><00:03:59.040><c> 1/3</c>

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>> Provided the rocket weighs less than 1/3

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>> Provided the rocket weighs less than 1/3
of<00:03:59.599><c> the</c><00:03:59.760><c> average</c><00:04:00.159><c> certified</c><00:04:00.640><c> thrust</c><00:04:00.959><c> of</c><00:04:01.120><c> the</c>

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of the average certified thrust of the

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of the average certified thrust of the
motors<00:04:01.599><c> intended</c><00:04:01.920><c> to</c><00:04:02.080><c> be</c><00:04:02.239><c> ignited</c><00:04:02.560><c> at</c><00:04:02.720><c> launch.</c>

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motors intended to be ignited at launch.

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motors intended to be ignited at launch.
>> Ah,<00:04:03.680><c> the</c><00:04:03.840><c> thrusttoe</c><00:04:04.640><c> ratio</c><00:04:05.040><c> rule.</c><00:04:05.439><c> Okay.</c>

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>> Ah, the thrusttoe ratio rule. Okay.

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>> Ah, the thrusttoe ratio rule. Okay.
>> Exactly.<00:04:06.400><c> This</c><00:04:06.640><c> allows</c><00:04:06.959><c> for</c><00:04:07.120><c> some</c><00:04:07.280><c> truly</c>

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>> Exactly. This allows for some truly

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>> Exactly. This allows for some truly
massive<00:04:08.159><c> yet</c><00:04:08.480><c> technically</c><00:04:09.040><c> safe</c><00:04:09.360><c> rockets</c><00:04:09.760><c> as</c>

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massive yet technically safe rockets as

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massive yet technically safe rockets as
long<00:04:10.000><c> as</c><00:04:10.080><c> they</c><00:04:10.239><c> have</c><00:04:10.319><c> enough</c><00:04:10.560><c> initial</c><00:04:10.959><c> push.</c>

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long as they have enough initial push.

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long as they have enough initial push.
>> That's<00:04:11.680><c> a</c><00:04:11.840><c> mindbending</c><00:04:12.480><c> allowance.</c><00:04:13.519><c> It</c>

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>> That's a mindbending allowance. It

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>> That's a mindbending allowance. It
suggests<00:04:14.080><c> the</c><00:04:14.239><c> regulations</c><00:04:14.799><c> are</c><00:04:15.040><c> incredibly</c>

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suggests the regulations are incredibly

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suggests the regulations are incredibly
nuanced,<00:04:16.639><c> balancing</c><00:04:17.120><c> safety</c><00:04:17.519><c> with,</c><00:04:18.000><c> well,</c>

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nuanced, balancing safety with, well,

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nuanced, balancing safety with, well,
the<00:04:18.799><c> ambition</c><00:04:19.280><c> of</c><00:04:19.440><c> the</c><00:04:19.600><c> hobby.</c><00:04:20.320><c> What</c><00:04:20.560><c> about</c>

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the ambition of the hobby. What about

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the ambition of the hobby. What about
more<00:04:21.120><c> complex</c><00:04:21.680><c> designs</c><00:04:22.320><c> like</c><00:04:22.639><c> multi-stage</c>

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more complex designs like multi-stage

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more complex designs like multi-stage
rockets<00:04:23.759><c> or</c><00:04:24.000><c> clusters?</c>

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rockets or clusters?

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rockets or clusters?
>> Yep.<00:04:25.040><c> NFPA</c><00:04:25.919><c> 1127</c><00:04:27.199><c> actually</c><00:04:27.600><c> defines</c><00:04:28.400><c> a</c>

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>> Yep. NFPA 1127 actually defines a

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>> Yep. NFPA 1127 actually defines a
complex<00:04:29.360><c> HPR.</c><00:04:30.400><c> That's</c><00:04:30.639><c> one</c><00:04:30.800><c> that</c><00:04:30.960><c> is</c>

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complex HPR. That's one that is

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complex HPR. That's one that is
multi-staged<00:04:31.919><c> or</c><00:04:32.240><c> propelled</c><00:04:32.639><c> by</c><00:04:32.880><c> a</c><00:04:33.199><c> cluster</c>

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multi-staged or propelled by a cluster

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multi-staged or propelled by a cluster
of<00:04:33.759><c> rocket</c><00:04:34.080><c> motors.</c><00:04:34.639><c> So</c><00:04:34.960><c> stacking</c><00:04:35.360><c> rockets</c><00:04:35.840><c> or</c>

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of rocket motors. So stacking rockets or

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of rocket motors. So stacking rockets or
using<00:04:36.400><c> multiple</c><00:04:36.800><c> motors</c><00:04:37.280><c> bumps</c><00:04:37.600><c> you</c><00:04:37.759><c> into</c>

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using multiple motors bumps you into

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using multiple motors bumps you into
another<00:04:38.320><c> category,</c>

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another category,

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another category,
>> right?<00:04:39.199><c> It</c><00:04:39.440><c> means</c><00:04:39.680><c> anytime</c><00:04:40.080><c> you're</c><00:04:40.320><c> combining</c>

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>> right? It means anytime you're combining

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>> right? It means anytime you're combining
motors<00:04:41.040><c> or</c><00:04:41.280><c> staging</c><00:04:41.680><c> your</c><00:04:41.840><c> flight,</c><00:04:42.160><c> you're</c>

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motors or staging your flight, you're

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motors or staging your flight, you're
moving<00:04:42.880><c> into</c><00:04:43.120><c> a</c><00:04:43.440><c> let's</c><00:04:43.759><c> say</c><00:04:44.000><c> more</c><00:04:44.160><c> rigorous</c>

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moving into a let's say more rigorous

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moving into a let's say more rigorous
category<00:04:45.040><c> of</c><00:04:45.280><c> design</c><00:04:45.520><c> and</c><00:04:45.759><c> safety</c><00:04:46.080><c> checks.</c>

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category of design and safety checks.

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category of design and safety checks.
>> Makes<00:04:46.800><c> sense.</c>

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>> Makes sense.

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>> Makes sense.
>> And<00:04:47.360><c> when</c><00:04:47.520><c> we</c><00:04:47.680><c> talk</c><00:04:47.840><c> about</c><00:04:48.000><c> safety,</c><00:04:48.479><c> it's</c><00:04:48.720><c> not</c>

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>> And when we talk about safety, it's not

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>> And when we talk about safety, it's not
just<00:04:49.040><c> the</c><00:04:49.199><c> rocket</c><00:04:49.520><c> itself.</c><00:04:50.240><c> A</c><00:04:50.400><c> launch</c><00:04:50.720><c> site</c>

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just the rocket itself. A launch site

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just the rocket itself. A launch site
isn't<00:04:51.280><c> just</c><00:04:51.440><c> the</c><00:04:51.600><c> pad.</c><00:04:52.160><c> It's</c><00:04:52.400><c> defined</c><00:04:52.639><c> as</c>

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isn't just the pad. It's defined as

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isn't just the pad. It's defined as
containing<00:04:53.199><c> the</c><00:04:53.440><c> areas</c><00:04:53.759><c> for</c><00:04:54.000><c> launching,</c>

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containing the areas for launching,

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containing the areas for launching,
recovery,<00:04:55.120><c> and</c><00:04:55.360><c> even</c><00:04:55.600><c> parking.</c><00:04:56.160><c> The</c><00:04:56.400><c> whole</c>

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recovery, and even parking. The whole

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recovery, and even parking. The whole
operation<00:04:57.120><c> zone.</c>

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operation zone.

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operation zone.
>> So<00:04:57.680><c> it's</c><00:04:57.840><c> not</c><00:04:58.000><c> just</c><00:04:58.080><c> the</c><00:04:58.240><c> rocket.</c><00:04:58.639><c> It's</c><00:04:58.800><c> the</c>

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>> So it's not just the rocket. It's the

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>> So it's not just the rocket. It's the
entire<00:04:59.600><c> ecosystem</c><00:05:00.240><c> around</c><00:05:00.560><c> the</c><00:05:00.800><c> launch.</c><00:05:01.199><c> And</c>

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entire ecosystem around the launch. And

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entire ecosystem around the launch. And
even<00:05:01.520><c> if</c><00:05:01.680><c> you</c><00:05:01.840><c> get</c><00:05:01.919><c> that</c><00:05:02.160><c> COA</c><00:05:02.639><c> from</c><00:05:02.720><c> the</c><00:05:02.880><c> FAA,</c>

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even if you get that COA from the FAA,

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even if you get that COA from the FAA,
you're<00:05:03.440><c> still</c><00:05:03.600><c> not</c><00:05:03.759><c> completely</c><00:05:04.080><c> free</c><00:05:04.240><c> to</c><00:05:04.400><c> fly</c>

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you're still not completely free to fly

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you're still not completely free to fly
whenever,<00:05:05.120><c> right?</c><00:05:05.600><c> What</c><00:05:05.840><c> are</c><00:05:05.919><c> the</c><00:05:06.080><c> sort</c><00:05:06.160><c> of</c>

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whenever, right? What are the sort of

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whenever, right? What are the sort of
no-go<00:05:06.720><c> conditions?</c>

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no-go conditions?

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no-go conditions?
>> That's<00:05:07.440><c> a</c><00:05:07.600><c> critical</c><00:05:07.840><c> point.</c><00:05:08.240><c> Even</c><00:05:08.479><c> with</c><00:05:08.560><c> a</c>

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>> That's a critical point. Even with a

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>> That's a critical point. Even with a
COA,<00:05:09.280><c> FAA</c><00:05:09.759><c> part</c><00:05:10.000><c> 101.25</c>

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COA, FAA part 101.25

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COA, FAA part 101.25
lays<00:05:11.840><c> out</c><00:05:12.080><c> strict</c><00:05:12.479><c> flight</c><00:05:12.800><c> operating</c>

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lays out strict flight operating

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lays out strict flight operating
limitations.<00:05:14.160><c> You</c><00:05:14.400><c> absolutely</c><00:05:14.960><c> cannot</c>

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limitations. You absolutely cannot

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limitations. You absolutely cannot
operate<00:05:15.759><c> HPRs</c><00:05:16.320><c> into</c><00:05:16.560><c> any</c><00:05:16.720><c> cloud.</c><00:05:17.199><c> Doesn't</c>

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operate HPRs into any cloud. Doesn't

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operate HPRs into any cloud. Doesn't
matter<00:05:17.600><c> how</c><00:05:17.840><c> thin</c><00:05:18.000><c> it</c><00:05:18.160><c> looks.</c>

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matter how thin it looks.

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matter how thin it looks.
>> No<00:05:19.120><c> clouds</c><00:05:19.600><c> here.</c>

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>> No clouds here.

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>> No clouds here.
>> No<00:05:20.400><c> clouds.</c><00:05:20.960><c> You</c><00:05:21.199><c> also</c><00:05:21.360><c> can't</c><00:05:21.600><c> fly</c><00:05:21.840><c> at</c><00:05:22.000><c> any</c>

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>> No clouds. You also can't fly at any

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>> No clouds. You also can't fly at any
altitude<00:05:22.639><c> where</c><00:05:22.960><c> clouds</c><00:05:23.440><c> or</c><00:05:23.680><c> obscuring</c>

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altitude where clouds or obscuring

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altitude where clouds or obscuring
phenomena<00:05:25.039><c> of</c><00:05:25.280><c> more</c><00:05:25.440><c> than</c><00:05:25.680><c> 510</c><00:05:26.320><c> coverage</c>

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phenomena of more than 510 coverage

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phenomena of more than 510 coverage
prevails.<00:05:27.840><c> So</c><00:05:28.160><c> if</c><00:05:28.400><c> more</c><00:05:28.560><c> than</c><00:05:28.800><c> half</c><00:05:28.960><c> the</c><00:05:29.199><c> sky</c>

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prevails. So if more than half the sky

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prevails. So if more than half the sky
is<00:05:29.600><c> obscured</c>

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is obscured

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is obscured
>> grounded

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>> grounded

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>> grounded
>> grounded<00:05:31.919><c> or</c><00:05:32.400><c> where</c><00:05:33.039><c> horizontal</c><00:05:33.600><c> visibility</c>

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>> grounded or where horizontal visibility

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>> grounded or where horizontal visibility
is<00:05:34.320><c> less</c><00:05:34.560><c> than</c><00:05:34.720><c> 5</c><00:05:34.960><c> miles</c>

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is less than 5 miles

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is less than 5 miles
>> five<00:05:35.600><c> miles</c><00:05:35.919><c> visibility</c><00:05:36.560><c> minimum</c>

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>> five miles visibility minimum

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>> five miles visibility minimum
>> right<00:05:37.520><c> these</c><00:05:37.759><c> are</c><00:05:38.000><c> essentially</c><00:05:38.400><c> strict</c>

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>> right these are essentially strict

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>> right these are essentially strict
visual<00:05:39.280><c> flight</c><00:05:39.600><c> rules</c><00:05:40.320><c> if</c><00:05:40.479><c> you</c><00:05:40.560><c> can't</c><00:05:40.720><c> clearly</c>

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visual flight rules if you can't clearly

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visual flight rules if you can't clearly
see<00:05:41.199><c> the</c><00:05:41.360><c> sky</c><00:05:41.600><c> in</c><00:05:41.759><c> the</c><00:05:41.919><c> horizon</c><00:05:42.720><c> you</c><00:05:42.960><c> are</c><00:05:43.039><c> not</c>

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see the sky in the horizon you are not

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see the sky in the horizon you are not
launching<00:05:43.840><c> and</c><00:05:44.080><c> getting</c><00:05:44.240><c> these</c><00:05:44.560><c> waved</c><00:05:45.440><c> very</c>

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launching and getting these waved very

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launching and getting these waved very
rare<00:05:46.000><c> for</c><00:05:46.240><c> hobbyists</c>

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rare for hobbyists

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rare for hobbyists
>> okay<00:05:47.360><c> let's</c><00:05:47.600><c> dive</c><00:05:47.759><c> into</c><00:05:47.919><c> the</c><00:05:48.080><c> heart</c><00:05:48.240><c> of</c><00:05:48.320><c> the</c>

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>> okay let's dive into the heart of the

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>> okay let's dive into the heart of the
beast<00:05:48.720><c> then</c><00:05:49.280><c> the</c><00:05:49.520><c> rocket</c><00:05:49.759><c> motor</c><00:05:50.080><c> itself</c><00:05:51.120><c> when</c>

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beast then the rocket motor itself when

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beast then the rocket motor itself when
you<00:05:51.440><c> look</c><00:05:51.520><c> at</c><00:05:51.680><c> an</c><00:05:51.840><c> HPR</c><00:05:52.400><c> motor</c><00:05:52.800><c> you</c><00:05:52.960><c> see</c><00:05:53.039><c> that</c>

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you look at an HPR motor you see that

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you look at an HPR motor you see that
designation<00:05:53.840><c> like</c><00:05:54.000><c> H1005</c><00:05:54.960><c> it</c><00:05:55.120><c> looks</c><00:05:55.280><c> like</c><00:05:55.360><c> a</c>

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designation like H1005 it looks like a

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designation like H1005 it looks like a
secret<00:05:55.840><c> code</c><00:05:56.479><c> what's</c><00:05:56.720><c> the</c><00:05:56.880><c> language</c><00:05:57.039><c> anguage</c>

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secret code what's the language anguage

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secret code what's the language anguage
behind<00:05:57.600><c> that.</c>

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behind that.

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behind that.
>> It's<00:05:58.240><c> a</c><00:05:58.479><c> fantastic</c><00:05:58.960><c> system.</c><00:05:59.280><c> Really</c><00:05:59.600><c> very</c>

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>> It's a fantastic system. Really very

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>> It's a fantastic system. Really very
concise.<00:06:00.320><c> It</c><00:06:00.479><c> tells</c><00:06:00.560><c> you</c><00:06:00.800><c> nearly</c><00:06:01.120><c> everything</c>

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concise. It tells you nearly everything

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concise. It tells you nearly everything
you<00:06:01.680><c> need</c><00:06:01.840><c> to</c><00:06:02.000><c> know</c><00:06:02.160><c> about</c><00:06:02.320><c> that</c><00:06:02.560><c> motor's</c>

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you need to know about that motor's

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you need to know about that motor's
performance.

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performance.

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performance.
>> Yeah.

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>> Yeah.

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>> Yeah.
>> The<00:06:04.240><c> first</c><00:06:04.400><c> part,</c><00:06:04.639><c> the</c><00:06:04.960><c> letter</c><00:06:05.280><c> like</c><00:06:05.440><c> the</c><00:06:05.680><c> H</c><00:06:06.400><c> in</c>

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>> The first part, the letter like the H in

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>> The first part, the letter like the H in
H1005.<00:06:07.440><c> Yeah.</c>

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H1005. Yeah.

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H1005. Yeah.
>> That<00:06:07.919><c> tells</c><00:06:08.080><c> you</c><00:06:08.160><c> the</c><00:06:08.319><c> total</c><00:06:08.639><c> impulse</c><00:06:09.039><c> range.</c>

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>> That tells you the total impulse range.

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>> That tells you the total impulse range.
Basically,<00:06:09.759><c> the</c><00:06:10.000><c> total</c><00:06:10.240><c> power</c><00:06:10.560><c> output</c>

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Basically, the total power output

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Basically, the total power output
category,

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category,

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category,
>> the<00:06:11.759><c> overall</c><00:06:12.240><c> energy</c><00:06:12.720><c> class.</c>

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>> the overall energy class.

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>> the overall energy class.
>> Exactly.<00:06:13.919><c> And</c><00:06:14.160><c> what's</c><00:06:14.400><c> truly</c><00:06:14.800><c> fascinating</c>

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>> Exactly. And what's truly fascinating

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>> Exactly. And what's truly fascinating
here<00:06:15.840><c> is</c><00:06:16.080><c> that</c><00:06:16.240><c> the</c><00:06:16.479><c> total</c><00:06:16.800><c> allowable</c><00:06:17.440><c> impulse</c>

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here is that the total allowable impulse

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here is that the total allowable impulse
doubles<00:06:18.880><c> with</c><00:06:19.120><c> each</c><00:06:19.440><c> successive</c><00:06:19.919><c> letter</c>

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doubles with each successive letter

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doubles with each successive letter
class.

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class.

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class.
>> Doubles.<00:06:21.120><c> Wow.</c>

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>> Doubles. Wow.

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>> Doubles. Wow.
>> Yeah.<00:06:21.840><c> So,</c><00:06:22.160><c> for</c><00:06:22.240><c> example,</c><00:06:22.639><c> an</c><00:06:22.800><c> H</c><00:06:23.120><c> motor</c><00:06:23.840><c> ranges</c>

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>> Yeah. So, for example, an H motor ranges

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>> Yeah. So, for example, an H motor ranges
from<00:06:24.720><c> 160.01</c><00:06:26.000><c> 1</c><00:06:26.400><c> up</c><00:06:26.639><c> to</c><00:06:27.039><c> 320.0000</c>

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from 160.01 1 up to 320.0000

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from 160.01 1 up to 320.0000
seconds.<00:06:30.720><c> The</c><00:06:30.880><c> next</c><00:06:31.120><c> letter</c><00:06:31.440><c> I</c><00:06:32.000><c> goes</c><00:06:32.240><c> from</c>

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seconds. The next letter I goes from

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seconds. The next letter I goes from
320.01

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320.01

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320.01
up<00:06:34.560><c> to</c><00:06:34.800><c> 640.00</c>

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up to 640.00

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up to 640.00
N<00:06:38.160><c> and</c><00:06:38.319><c> so</c><00:06:38.479><c> on</c><00:06:38.800><c> all</c><00:06:38.880><c> the</c><00:06:39.039><c> way</c><00:06:39.120><c> up</c><00:06:39.199><c> to</c><00:06:39.440><c> O</c><00:06:39.759><c> motors</c>

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N and so on all the way up to O motors

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N and so on all the way up to O motors
which<00:06:40.400><c> are</c><00:06:40.639><c> massive</c><00:06:41.680><c> delivering</c><00:06:42.080><c> up</c><00:06:42.240><c> to</c>

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which are massive delivering up to

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which are massive delivering up to
40,960

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40,960

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40,960
Newton<00:06:44.240><c> seconds.</c><00:06:45.120><c> It's</c><00:06:45.440><c> this</c><00:06:45.759><c> exponential</c>

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Newton seconds. It's this exponential

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Newton seconds. It's this exponential
climb<00:06:46.720><c> in</c><00:06:46.960><c> power.</c>

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climb in power.

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climb in power.
>> That<00:06:47.840><c> scale</c><00:06:48.080><c> is</c><00:06:48.240><c> incredible.</c><00:06:48.639><c> So</c><00:06:48.800><c> the</c><00:06:49.039><c> letters</c>

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>> That scale is incredible. So the letters

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>> That scale is incredible. So the letters
about<00:06:50.000><c> the</c><00:06:50.240><c> total</c><00:06:50.560><c> power</c><00:06:50.880><c> over</c><00:06:51.120><c> the</c><00:06:51.360><c> whole</c>

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about the total power over the whole

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about the total power over the whole
burn<00:06:51.840><c> time.</c><00:06:52.400><c> What</c><00:06:52.639><c> about</c><00:06:52.720><c> the</c><00:06:52.960><c> number</c><00:06:53.199><c> like</c>

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burn time. What about the number like

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burn time. What about the number like
the<00:06:53.600><c> 100</c><00:06:53.840><c> in</c><00:06:54.080><c> our</c><00:06:54.240><c> H1005</c><00:06:55.199><c> example?</c>

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the 100 in our H1005 example?

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the 100 in our H1005 example?
>> That's<00:06:56.000><c> your</c><00:06:56.240><c> average</c><00:06:56.560><c> thrust</c><00:06:56.880><c> in</c><00:06:57.120><c> Newtons.</c>

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>> That's your average thrust in Newtons.

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>> That's your average thrust in Newtons.
>> Average<00:06:57.919><c> push,</c>

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>> Average push,

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>> Average push,
>> right?<00:06:58.560><c> So</c><00:06:58.800><c> 100</c><00:06:59.120><c> means</c><00:06:59.360><c> an</c><00:06:59.599><c> average</c><00:06:59.840><c> push</c><00:07:00.160><c> of</c>

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>> right? So 100 means an average push of

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>> right? So 100 means an average push of
100<00:07:00.800><c> newtons</c><00:07:01.120><c> throughout</c><00:07:01.360><c> its</c><00:07:01.599><c> burn.</c><00:07:02.319><c> If</c><00:07:02.479><c> you</c>

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100 newtons throughout its burn. If you

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100 newtons throughout its burn. If you
prefer<00:07:02.960><c> pounds,</c><00:07:03.360><c> you</c><00:07:03.440><c> can</c><00:07:03.520><c> roughly</c><00:07:03.840><c> divide</c><00:07:04.160><c> by</c>

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prefer pounds, you can roughly divide by

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prefer pounds, you can roughly divide by
4.45.<00:07:05.680><c> This</c><00:07:05.919><c> number</c><00:07:06.160><c> gives</c><00:07:06.319><c> you</c><00:07:06.400><c> a</c><00:07:06.560><c> sense</c><00:07:06.639><c> of</c>

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4.45. This number gives you a sense of

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4.45. This number gives you a sense of
how<00:07:06.960><c> hard</c><00:07:07.120><c> the</c><00:07:07.280><c> rocket's</c><00:07:07.599><c> going</c><00:07:07.680><c> to</c>

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how hard the rocket's going to

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how hard the rocket's going to
accelerate<00:07:08.160><c> off</c><00:07:08.319><c> the</c><00:07:08.479><c> pad.</c>

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accelerate off the pad.

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accelerate off the pad.
>> Absolutely<00:07:09.280><c> vital.</c><00:07:09.680><c> That's</c><00:07:09.840><c> your</c><00:07:10.080><c> ejection</c>

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>> Absolutely vital. That's your ejection

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>> Absolutely vital. That's your ejection
charge<00:07:10.800><c> delay</c><00:07:11.120><c> time</c><00:07:11.280><c> in</c><00:07:11.520><c> seconds</c><00:07:12.000><c> starting</c>

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charge delay time in seconds starting

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charge delay time in seconds starting
after<00:07:12.560><c> the</c><00:07:12.720><c> motor</c><00:07:12.960><c> burns</c><00:07:13.199><c> out.</c>

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after the motor burns out.

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after the motor burns out.
>> Oh,<00:07:13.759><c> okay.</c>

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>> Oh, okay.

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>> Oh, okay.
>> So<00:07:14.160><c> 11</c><00:07:14.319><c> and</c><00:07:14.560><c> five</c><00:07:14.720><c> means</c><00:07:14.880><c> 5</c><00:07:15.120><c> seconds</c><00:07:15.280><c> after</c><00:07:15.520><c> the</c>

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>> So 11 and five means 5 seconds after the

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>> So 11 and five means 5 seconds after the
motor<00:07:16.080><c> stops</c><00:07:16.479><c> thrusting,</c><00:07:16.960><c> a</c><00:07:17.120><c> small</c><00:07:17.360><c> charge</c>

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motor stops thrusting, a small charge

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motor stops thrusting, a small charge
inside<00:07:18.240><c> is</c><00:07:18.479><c> designed</c><00:07:18.800><c> to</c><00:07:18.960><c> fire,</c><00:07:19.440><c> right?</c><00:07:19.680><c> that</c>

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inside is designed to fire, right? that

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inside is designed to fire, right? that
deploys<00:07:20.319><c> your</c><00:07:20.479><c> parachute</c><00:07:20.880><c> or</c><00:07:21.039><c> whatever</c>

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deploys your parachute or whatever

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deploys your parachute or whatever
recovery<00:07:21.680><c> system</c><00:07:21.840><c> you</c><00:07:22.000><c> have.</c>

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recovery system you have.

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recovery system you have.
>> And<00:07:22.319><c> what</c><00:07:22.479><c> if</c><00:07:22.560><c> it's</c><00:07:22.639><c> a</c><00:07:22.800><c> neurog?</c><00:07:23.280><c> A</c><00:07:23.440><c> zero</c><00:07:23.919><c> means</c>

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>> And what if it's a neurog? A zero means

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>> And what if it's a neurog? A zero means
it's<00:07:24.319><c> a</c><00:07:24.479><c> booster</c><00:07:24.880><c> motor.</c><00:07:25.520><c> No</c><00:07:25.759><c> delay,</c><00:07:26.319><c> no</c>

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it's a booster motor. No delay, no

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it's a booster motor. No delay, no
ejection<00:07:26.960><c> charge.</c><00:07:27.680><c> Its</c><00:07:28.000><c> job</c><00:07:28.160><c> is</c><00:07:28.400><c> just</c><00:07:28.639><c> pure</c>

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ejection charge. Its job is just pure

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ejection charge. Its job is just pure
thrust<00:07:29.599><c> to</c><00:07:29.840><c> get</c><00:07:30.000><c> things</c><00:07:30.319><c> moving,</c><00:07:30.639><c> usually</c><00:07:30.880><c> in</c>

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thrust to get things moving, usually in

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thrust to get things moving, usually in
a<00:07:31.120><c> multi-stage</c><00:07:31.680><c> rocket.</c>

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a multi-stage rocket.

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a multi-stage rocket.
>> And<00:07:32.240><c> a</c><00:07:32.400><c> P,</c><00:07:32.720><c> I</c><00:07:32.880><c> think</c><00:07:33.039><c> I</c><00:07:33.199><c> saw</c><00:07:33.360><c> that.</c>

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>> And a P, I think I saw that.

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>> And a P, I think I saw that.
>> A<00:07:33.919><c> P</c><00:07:34.400><c> means</c><00:07:34.639><c> the</c><00:07:34.800><c> end</c><00:07:35.039><c> is</c><00:07:35.199><c> plugged.</c><00:07:36.240><c> No</c>

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>> A P means the end is plugged. No

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>> A P means the end is plugged. No
ejection<00:07:36.960><c> charge</c><00:07:37.360><c> included</c><00:07:37.759><c> at</c><00:07:38.000><c> all.</c><00:07:38.560><c> That</c>

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ejection charge included at all. That

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ejection charge included at all. That
usually<00:07:39.039><c> means</c><00:07:39.280><c> you're</c><00:07:39.520><c> relying</c><00:07:39.759><c> on</c><00:07:39.919><c> an</c>

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usually means you're relying on an

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usually means you're relying on an
electronic<00:07:40.560><c> altimeter</c><00:07:41.120><c> or</c><00:07:41.360><c> timer</c><00:07:41.919><c> to</c><00:07:42.240><c> trigger</c>

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electronic altimeter or timer to trigger

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electronic altimeter or timer to trigger
the<00:07:42.720><c> recovery</c><00:07:43.199><c> sequence.</c>

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the recovery sequence.

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the recovery sequence.
>> So,<00:07:44.000><c> this</c><00:07:44.240><c> secret</c><00:07:44.560><c> code</c><00:07:44.880><c> really</c><00:07:45.199><c> is</c><00:07:45.440><c> a</c>

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>> So, this secret code really is a

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>> So, this secret code really is a
complete<00:07:46.000><c> summary</c><00:07:46.319><c> of</c><00:07:46.479><c> the</c><00:07:46.639><c> motor.</c><00:07:46.960><c> It's</c><00:07:47.120><c> not</c>

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complete summary of the motor. It's not

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complete summary of the motor. It's not
just<00:07:47.440><c> random.</c><00:07:47.840><c> It</c><00:07:48.000><c> tells</c><00:07:48.160><c> you</c><00:07:48.319><c> the</c><00:07:48.479><c> kick,</c><00:07:48.800><c> the</c>

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just random. It tells you the kick, the

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just random. It tells you the kick, the
duration,<00:07:49.520><c> the</c><00:07:49.759><c> recovery</c><00:07:50.160><c> timing,</c>

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duration, the recovery timing,

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duration, the recovery timing,
everything

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everything

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everything
>> pretty<00:07:51.919><c> much.</c><00:07:52.080><c> Yeah.</c>

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>> pretty much. Yeah.

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>> pretty much. Yeah.
>> And<00:07:52.560><c> you</c><00:07:52.800><c> can</c><00:07:52.880><c> actually</c><00:07:53.120><c> use</c><00:07:53.360><c> these</c><00:07:53.680><c> numbers</c>

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>> And you can actually use these numbers

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>> And you can actually use these numbers
to<00:07:54.160><c> figure</c><00:07:54.319><c> out</c><00:07:54.479><c> other</c><00:07:54.720><c> things</c><00:07:54.879><c> like</c><00:07:55.120><c> burn</c>

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to figure out other things like burn

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to figure out other things like burn
time,<00:07:55.759><c> right?</c>

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time, right?

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time, right?
>> You<00:07:56.319><c> absolutely</c><00:07:56.720><c> can,</c><00:07:57.199><c> which</c><00:07:57.440><c> is</c><00:07:57.599><c> a</c><00:07:57.759><c> great</c>

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>> You absolutely can, which is a great

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>> You absolutely can, which is a great
illustration<00:07:58.560><c> of</c><00:07:58.720><c> how</c><00:07:58.879><c> these</c><00:07:59.199><c> figures</c>

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illustration of how these figures

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illustration of how these figures
relate.<00:08:00.319><c> For</c><00:08:00.479><c> example,</c><00:08:00.879><c> if</c><00:08:01.039><c> you</c><00:08:01.120><c> want</c><00:08:01.199><c> to</c><00:08:01.360><c> find</c>

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relate. For example, if you want to find

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relate. For example, if you want to find
the<00:08:01.680><c> burn</c><00:08:01.919><c> time</c><00:08:02.160><c> of</c><00:08:02.560><c> say</c><00:08:03.120><c> an</c><00:08:03.440><c> H648</c><00:08:04.720><c> motor,</c>

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the burn time of say an H648 motor,

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the burn time of say an H648 motor,
okay,<00:08:05.759><c> it's</c><00:08:05.919><c> an</c><00:08:06.080><c> H,</c><00:08:06.479><c> so</c><00:08:06.720><c> its</c><00:08:06.960><c> impulse</c><00:08:07.280><c> is</c>

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okay, it's an H, so its impulse is

00:08:07.520 --> 00:08:10.309 align:start position:0%
okay, it's an H, so its impulse is
somewhere<00:08:07.759><c> between</c><00:08:08.080><c> 160</c><00:08:08.479><c> and</c><00:08:08.720><c> 320.</c><00:08:09.840><c> Let's</c><00:08:10.080><c> say</c>

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somewhere between 160 and 320. Let's say

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somewhere between 160 and 320. Let's say
this<00:08:10.639><c> specific</c><00:08:10.960><c> one</c><00:08:11.199><c> is</c><00:08:11.360><c> certified</c><00:08:11.919><c> at</c><00:08:12.080><c> 320</c><00:08:13.039><c> NS</c>

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this specific one is certified at 320 NS

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this specific one is certified at 320 NS
total<00:08:14.160><c> impulse.</c><00:08:14.720><c> Okay.</c>

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total impulse. Okay.

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total impulse. Okay.
>> And<00:08:15.280><c> 64</c><00:08:15.759><c> tells</c><00:08:15.919><c> us</c><00:08:16.000><c> the</c><00:08:16.240><c> average</c><00:08:16.479><c> thrust</c><00:08:16.800><c> is</c><00:08:17.039><c> 64</c>

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>> And 64 tells us the average thrust is 64

00:08:17.520 --> 00:08:17.909 align:start position:0%
>> And 64 tells us the average thrust is 64
newtons.

00:08:17.909 --> 00:08:17.919 align:start position:0%
newtons.

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newtons.
>> Right.

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>> Right.

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>> Right.
>> So<00:08:18.400><c> you</c><00:08:18.639><c> just</c><00:08:18.800><c> divide</c><00:08:19.039><c> the</c><00:08:19.280><c> total</c><00:08:19.520><c> impulse</c><00:08:20.000><c> 320</c>

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>> So you just divide the total impulse 320

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>> So you just divide the total impulse 320
ends<00:08:20.879><c> by</c><00:08:21.039><c> the</c><00:08:21.199><c> average</c><00:08:21.360><c> thrust</c><00:08:21.919><c> 64n.</c>

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ends by the average thrust 64n.

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ends by the average thrust 64n.
>> 320<00:08:23.120><c> divided</c><00:08:23.440><c> by</c><00:08:23.599><c> 64</c><00:08:24.000><c> that's</c><00:08:24.240><c> five.</c>

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>> 320 divided by 64 that's five.

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>> 320 divided by 64 that's five.
>> Exactly.<00:08:25.199><c> A</c><00:08:25.360><c> 5second</c><00:08:25.919><c> burn</c><00:08:26.080><c> time.</c>

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>> Exactly. A 5second burn time.

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>> Exactly. A 5second burn time.
>> Simple<00:08:26.720><c> division.</c>

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>> Simple division.

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>> Simple division.
>> And<00:08:27.280><c> you</c><00:08:27.360><c> can</c><00:08:27.440><c> go</c><00:08:27.520><c> the</c><00:08:27.759><c> other</c><00:08:27.840><c> way</c><00:08:28.080><c> too.</c><00:08:28.800><c> If</c><00:08:29.120><c> you</c>

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>> And you can go the other way too. If you

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>> And you can go the other way too. If you
know<00:08:29.759><c> a</c><00:08:30.000><c> motor</c><00:08:30.319><c> pushes</c><00:08:30.720><c> with</c><00:08:30.879><c> an</c><00:08:31.120><c> average</c>

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know a motor pushes with an average

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know a motor pushes with an average
thrust<00:08:31.840><c> of</c><00:08:32.080><c> 100</c><00:08:32.399><c> newtons</c><00:08:32.959><c> and</c><00:08:33.120><c> it</c><00:08:33.279><c> burns</c><00:08:33.599><c> for</c><00:08:33.760><c> 6</c>

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thrust of 100 newtons and it burns for 6

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thrust of 100 newtons and it burns for 6
seconds.

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seconds.

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seconds.
>> You<00:08:34.640><c> multiply</c><00:08:35.039><c> them.</c><00:08:35.519><c> 100*</c><00:08:36.320><c> 600</c>

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>> You multiply them. 100* 600

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>> You multiply them. 100* 600
>> 600<00:08:38.479><c> Newton</c><00:08:38.880><c> seconds</c><00:08:39.200><c> total</c><00:08:39.519><c> impulse.</c><00:08:40.000><c> Yeah.</c>

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>> 600 Newton seconds total impulse. Yeah.

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>> 600 Newton seconds total impulse. Yeah.
And<00:08:40.399><c> that</c><00:08:40.560><c> tells</c><00:08:40.719><c> you</c><00:08:40.959><c> it</c>

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And that tells you it

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And that tells you it
>> falls<00:08:41.839><c> into</c><00:08:42.080><c> the</c><00:08:42.399><c> eye</c><00:08:42.719><c> class</c><00:08:43.039><c> motor</c><00:08:43.279><c> range.</c><00:08:43.599><c> It</c>

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>> falls into the eye class motor range. It

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>> falls into the eye class motor range. It
shows<00:08:43.919><c> the</c><00:08:44.080><c> elegance</c><00:08:44.480><c> of</c><00:08:44.640><c> this</c><00:08:44.800><c> system.</c>

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shows the elegance of this system.

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shows the elegance of this system.
>> It<00:08:45.360><c> really</c><00:08:45.519><c> does.</c><00:08:45.760><c> And</c><00:08:45.839><c> just</c><00:08:46.000><c> for</c><00:08:46.240><c> scale,</c><00:08:46.560><c> you</c>

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>> It really does. And just for scale, you

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>> It really does. And just for scale, you
mentioned<00:08:46.959><c> it</c><00:08:47.120><c> takes</c><00:08:47.360><c> four</c><00:08:47.680><c> H</c><00:08:47.920><c> motors</c><00:08:48.320><c> to</c>

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mentioned it takes four H motors to

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mentioned it takes four H motors to
equal<00:08:48.800><c> one</c><00:08:49.120><c> J.</c>

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equal one J.

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equal one J.
>> Yeah.<00:08:49.920><c> Roughly</c><00:08:50.320><c> speaking,</c><00:08:50.800><c> based</c><00:08:51.040><c> on</c><00:08:51.279><c> maximum</c>

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>> Yeah. Roughly speaking, based on maximum

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>> Yeah. Roughly speaking, based on maximum
impulse<00:08:52.160><c> per</c><00:08:52.399><c> class,</c><00:08:52.720><c> it</c><00:08:52.959><c> takes</c><00:08:53.200><c> four</c><00:08:53.519><c> full</c><00:08:54.000><c> H</c>

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impulse per class, it takes four full H

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impulse per class, it takes four full H
motors,<00:08:55.120><c> each</c><00:08:55.279><c> up</c><00:08:55.440><c> to</c><00:08:55.600><c> 320NS,</c><00:08:56.720><c> to</c><00:08:56.880><c> equal</c><00:08:57.120><c> the</c>

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motors, each up to 320NS, to equal the

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motors, each up to 320NS, to equal the
maximum<00:08:57.680><c> total</c><00:08:58.000><c> impulse</c><00:08:58.399><c> of</c><00:08:58.560><c> a</c><00:08:58.720><c> single</c><00:08:59.120><c> J</c>

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maximum total impulse of a single J

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maximum total impulse of a single J
motor,<00:08:59.920><c> which</c><00:09:00.160><c> goes</c><00:09:00.320><c> up</c><00:09:00.480><c> to,80NS.</c>

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motor, which goes up to,80NS.

00:09:02.399 --> 00:09:03.990 align:start position:0%
motor, which goes up to,80NS.
That<00:09:02.640><c> really</c><00:09:02.880><c> shows</c><00:09:03.120><c> how</c><00:09:03.360><c> quickly</c><00:09:03.600><c> the</c><00:09:03.760><c> power</c>

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That really shows how quickly the power

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That really shows how quickly the power
scales<00:09:04.320><c> up</c><00:09:04.480><c> with</c><00:09:04.640><c> each</c><00:09:04.800><c> letter.</c>

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scales up with each letter.

00:09:05.680 --> 00:09:07.350 align:start position:0%
scales up with each letter.
>> Moving<00:09:05.920><c> from</c><00:09:06.160><c> the</c><00:09:06.320><c> power</c><00:09:06.560><c> under</c><00:09:06.800><c> the</c><00:09:06.880><c> hood,</c>

00:09:07.350 --> 00:09:07.360 align:start position:0%
>> Moving from the power under the hood,

00:09:07.360 --> 00:09:09.030 align:start position:0%
>> Moving from the power under the hood,
let's<00:09:07.600><c> talk</c><00:09:07.760><c> about</c><00:09:08.000><c> getting</c><00:09:08.240><c> that</c><00:09:08.480><c> power</c>

00:09:09.030 --> 00:09:09.040 align:start position:0%
let's talk about getting that power

00:09:09.040 --> 00:09:11.430 align:start position:0%
let's talk about getting that power
safely<00:09:09.440><c> off</c><00:09:09.680><c> the</c><00:09:09.839><c> ground</c><00:09:10.320><c> and</c><00:09:10.800><c> uh</c><00:09:10.959><c> hopefully</c>

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safely off the ground and uh hopefully

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safely off the ground and uh hopefully
back<00:09:11.680><c> again.</c><00:09:12.240><c> The</c><00:09:12.399><c> range</c><00:09:12.640><c> and</c><00:09:12.880><c> safety</c>

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back again. The range and safety

00:09:13.120 --> 00:09:15.030 align:start position:0%
back again. The range and safety
practices<00:09:13.600><c> seem</c><00:09:13.920><c> absolutely</c><00:09:14.480><c> packed</c><00:09:14.880><c> with</c>

00:09:15.030 --> 00:09:15.040 align:start position:0%
practices seem absolutely packed with

00:09:15.040 --> 00:09:16.949 align:start position:0%
practices seem absolutely packed with
practical<00:09:15.519><c> wisdom.</c><00:09:16.160><c> I</c><00:09:16.399><c> imagine</c><00:09:16.720><c> this</c><00:09:16.880><c> is</c>

00:09:16.949 --> 00:09:16.959 align:start position:0%
practical wisdom. I imagine this is

00:09:16.959 --> 00:09:19.030 align:start position:0%
practical wisdom. I imagine this is
where<00:09:17.120><c> many</c><00:09:17.360><c> flights</c><00:09:17.680><c> either</c><00:09:18.000><c> succeed</c><00:09:18.560><c> or</c>

00:09:19.030 --> 00:09:19.040 align:start position:0%
where many flights either succeed or

00:09:19.040 --> 00:09:20.550 align:start position:0%
where many flights either succeed or
well<00:09:19.519><c> run</c><00:09:19.760><c> into</c><00:09:20.000><c> trouble.</c>

00:09:20.550 --> 00:09:20.560 align:start position:0%
well run into trouble.

00:09:20.560 --> 00:09:22.470 align:start position:0%
well run into trouble.
>> Indeed,<00:09:21.200><c> these</c><00:09:21.519><c> are</c><00:09:21.680><c> critical.</c><00:09:22.080><c> There</c><00:09:22.320><c> are</c>

00:09:22.470 --> 00:09:22.480 align:start position:0%
>> Indeed, these are critical. There are

00:09:22.480 --> 00:09:24.150 align:start position:0%
>> Indeed, these are critical. There are
environmental<00:09:22.959><c> limits</c><00:09:23.279><c> to</c><00:09:23.519><c> consider</c><00:09:23.920><c> right</c>

00:09:24.150 --> 00:09:24.160 align:start position:0%
environmental limits to consider right

00:09:24.160 --> 00:09:26.150 align:start position:0%
environmental limits to consider right
away.<00:09:24.720><c> For</c><00:09:24.880><c> instance,</c><00:09:25.200><c> the</c><00:09:25.519><c> maximum</c><00:09:25.839><c> launch</c>

00:09:26.150 --> 00:09:26.160 align:start position:0%
away. For instance, the maximum launch

00:09:26.160 --> 00:09:27.750 align:start position:0%
away. For instance, the maximum launch
angle.<00:09:26.560><c> You</c><00:09:26.720><c> can't</c><00:09:26.880><c> just</c><00:09:27.040><c> point</c><00:09:27.200><c> it</c><00:09:27.360><c> anywhere.</c>

00:09:27.750 --> 00:09:27.760 align:start position:0%
angle. You can't just point it anywhere.

00:09:27.760 --> 00:09:29.590 align:start position:0%
angle. You can't just point it anywhere.
It's<00:09:28.240><c> 20°</c><00:09:28.800><c> from</c><00:09:29.040><c> vertical.</c>

00:09:29.590 --> 00:09:29.600 align:start position:0%
It's 20° from vertical.

00:09:29.600 --> 00:09:31.509 align:start position:0%
It's 20° from vertical.
>> Okay.<00:09:29.839><c> Mostly</c><00:09:30.160><c> straight</c><00:09:30.399><c> up.</c><00:09:30.640><c> Why</c><00:09:30.800><c> is</c><00:09:30.959><c> that?</c>

00:09:31.509 --> 00:09:31.519 align:start position:0%
>> Okay. Mostly straight up. Why is that?

00:09:31.519 --> 00:09:33.269 align:start position:0%
>> Okay. Mostly straight up. Why is that?
>> Well,<00:09:31.760><c> it</c><00:09:32.000><c> helps</c><00:09:32.240><c> prevent</c><00:09:32.560><c> rockets</c><00:09:33.040><c> from</c>

00:09:33.269 --> 00:09:33.279 align:start position:0%
>> Well, it helps prevent rockets from

00:09:33.279 --> 00:09:35.590 align:start position:0%
>> Well, it helps prevent rockets from
drifting<00:09:33.760><c> way</c><00:09:34.080><c> off</c><00:09:34.399><c> course</c><00:09:34.800><c> into</c><00:09:35.120><c> potentially</c>

00:09:35.590 --> 00:09:35.600 align:start position:0%
drifting way off course into potentially

00:09:35.600 --> 00:09:37.829 align:start position:0%
drifting way off course into potentially
unsafe<00:09:36.080><c> areas</c><00:09:36.399><c> during</c><00:09:36.640><c> boost,</c><00:09:37.279><c> especially</c><00:09:37.680><c> if</c>

00:09:37.829 --> 00:09:37.839 align:start position:0%
unsafe areas during boost, especially if

00:09:37.839 --> 00:09:38.550 align:start position:0%
unsafe areas during boost, especially if
there's<00:09:38.160><c> wind.</c>

00:09:38.550 --> 00:09:38.560 align:start position:0%
there's wind.

00:09:38.560 --> 00:09:40.630 align:start position:0%
there's wind.
>> Makes<00:09:38.800><c> sense.</c><00:09:39.200><c> And</c><00:09:39.440><c> wind</c><00:09:39.680><c> speed.</c><00:09:40.160><c> Maximum</c>

00:09:40.630 --> 00:09:40.640 align:start position:0%
>> Makes sense. And wind speed. Maximum

00:09:40.640 --> 00:09:42.790 align:start position:0%
>> Makes sense. And wind speed. Maximum
wind<00:09:40.880><c> velocity</c><00:09:41.279><c> for</c><00:09:41.519><c> launch</c><00:09:41.839><c> operations</c><00:09:42.480><c> is</c>

00:09:42.790 --> 00:09:42.800 align:start position:0%
wind velocity for launch operations is

00:09:42.800 --> 00:09:45.269 align:start position:0%
wind velocity for launch operations is
20<00:09:43.120><c> miles</c><00:09:43.360><c> per</c><00:09:43.519><c> hour.</c><00:09:44.000><c> Go</c><00:09:44.240><c> above</c><00:09:44.560><c> that</c><00:09:45.040><c> and</c>

00:09:45.269 --> 00:09:45.279 align:start position:0%
20 miles per hour. Go above that and

00:09:45.279 --> 00:09:46.550 align:start position:0%
20 miles per hour. Go above that and
you're<00:09:45.440><c> really</c><00:09:45.680><c> pushing</c><00:09:46.000><c> your</c><00:09:46.160><c> luck</c><00:09:46.320><c> on</c>

00:09:46.550 --> 00:09:46.560 align:start position:0%
you're really pushing your luck on

00:09:46.560 --> 00:09:48.310 align:start position:0%
you're really pushing your luck on
controlling<00:09:46.880><c> the</c><00:09:47.120><c> flight</c><00:09:47.360><c> path</c><00:09:47.760><c> and</c><00:09:48.000><c> ensuring</c>

00:09:48.310 --> 00:09:48.320 align:start position:0%
controlling the flight path and ensuring

00:09:48.320 --> 00:09:50.470 align:start position:0%
controlling the flight path and ensuring
a<00:09:48.560><c> safe</c><00:09:48.880><c> recovery</c><00:09:49.519><c> within</c><00:09:49.839><c> the</c><00:09:50.000><c> designated</c>

00:09:50.470 --> 00:09:50.480 align:start position:0%
a safe recovery within the designated

00:09:50.480 --> 00:09:50.949 align:start position:0%
a safe recovery within the designated
area.

00:09:50.949 --> 00:09:50.959 align:start position:0%
area.

00:09:50.959 --> 00:09:52.389 align:start position:0%
area.
>> So<00:09:51.200><c> those</c><00:09:51.360><c> are</c><00:09:51.519><c> the</c><00:09:51.680><c> weather</c><00:09:51.920><c> checks</c>

00:09:52.389 --> 00:09:52.399 align:start position:0%
>> So those are the weather checks

00:09:52.399 --> 00:09:53.990 align:start position:0%
>> So those are the weather checks
basically.<00:09:52.959><c> What</c><00:09:53.200><c> about</c><00:09:53.440><c> the</c><00:09:53.680><c> actual</c>

00:09:53.990 --> 00:09:54.000 align:start position:0%
basically. What about the actual

00:09:54.000 --> 00:09:56.150 align:start position:0%
basically. What about the actual
physical<00:09:54.640><c> layout</c><00:09:54.959><c> of</c><00:09:55.120><c> the</c><00:09:55.279><c> launch</c><00:09:55.600><c> site?</c><00:09:56.000><c> Are</c>

00:09:56.150 --> 00:09:56.160 align:start position:0%
physical layout of the launch site? Are

00:09:56.160 --> 00:09:58.870 align:start position:0%
physical layout of the launch site? Are
there<00:09:56.720><c> minimum</c><00:09:57.360><c> distances</c><00:09:58.160><c> or</c><00:09:58.399><c> sizes</c>

00:09:58.870 --> 00:09:58.880 align:start position:0%
there minimum distances or sizes

00:09:58.880 --> 00:10:00.550 align:start position:0%
there minimum distances or sizes
required?<00:09:59.360><c> Like</c><00:09:59.519><c> how</c><00:09:59.760><c> big</c><00:09:59.920><c> does</c><00:10:00.080><c> the</c><00:10:00.240><c> field</c>

00:10:00.550 --> 00:10:00.560 align:start position:0%
required? Like how big does the field

00:10:00.560 --> 00:10:01.269 align:start position:0%
required? Like how big does the field
need<00:10:00.720><c> to</c><00:10:00.880><c> be?</c>

00:10:01.269 --> 00:10:01.279 align:start position:0%
need to be?

00:10:01.279 --> 00:10:03.590 align:start position:0%
need to be?
>> Absolutely.<00:10:02.080><c> The</c><00:10:02.399><c> general</c><00:10:02.720><c> rule</c><00:10:02.959><c> for</c><00:10:03.200><c> minimum</c>

00:10:03.590 --> 00:10:03.600 align:start position:0%
>> Absolutely. The general rule for minimum

00:10:03.600 --> 00:10:05.509 align:start position:0%
>> Absolutely. The general rule for minimum
launch<00:10:03.839><c> site</c><00:10:04.160><c> mentions</c><00:10:04.560><c> is</c><00:10:04.720><c> pretty</c><00:10:05.040><c> specific.</c>

00:10:05.509 --> 00:10:05.519 align:start position:0%
launch site mentions is pretty specific.

00:10:05.519 --> 00:10:07.829 align:start position:0%
launch site mentions is pretty specific.
It<00:10:05.760><c> must</c><00:10:05.920><c> be</c><00:10:06.080><c> no</c><00:10:06.320><c> less</c><00:10:06.560><c> than</c><00:10:06.880><c> 1/</c><00:10:07.040><c> half</c><00:10:07.360><c> of</c><00:10:07.600><c> the</c>

00:10:07.829 --> 00:10:07.839 align:start position:0%
It must be no less than 1/ half of the

00:10:07.839 --> 00:10:10.870 align:start position:0%
It must be no less than 1/ half of the
maximum<00:10:08.320><c> expected</c><00:10:08.800><c> altitude</c><00:10:09.600><c> or</c><00:10:10.080><c> 1500</c><00:10:10.480><c> feet,</c>

00:10:10.870 --> 00:10:10.880 align:start position:0%
maximum expected altitude or 1500 feet,

00:10:10.880 --> 00:10:11.990 align:start position:0%
maximum expected altitude or 1500 feet,
whichever<00:10:11.200><c> is</c><00:10:11.440><c> greater.</c>

00:10:11.990 --> 00:10:12.000 align:start position:0%
whichever is greater.

00:10:12.000 --> 00:10:14.470 align:start position:0%
whichever is greater.
>> Half<00:10:12.240><c> the</c><00:10:12.480><c> expected</c><00:10:12.880><c> altitude</c><00:10:13.279><c> or</c><00:10:13.680><c> 1500</c><00:10:14.079><c> feet,</c>

00:10:14.470 --> 00:10:14.480 align:start position:0%
>> Half the expected altitude or 1500 feet,

00:10:14.480 --> 00:10:15.350 align:start position:0%
>> Half the expected altitude or 1500 feet,
whichever<00:10:14.720><c> is</c><00:10:14.880><c> bigger.</c>

00:10:15.350 --> 00:10:15.360 align:start position:0%
whichever is bigger.

00:10:15.360 --> 00:10:17.030 align:start position:0%
whichever is bigger.
>> Correct.<00:10:15.760><c> So,</c><00:10:16.000><c> if</c><00:10:16.240><c> you're</c><00:10:16.399><c> planning</c><00:10:16.560><c> a</c><00:10:16.720><c> fairly</c>

00:10:17.030 --> 00:10:17.040 align:start position:0%
>> Correct. So, if you're planning a fairly

00:10:17.040 --> 00:10:19.350 align:start position:0%
>> Correct. So, if you're planning a fairly
high<00:10:17.279><c> flight,</c><00:10:17.600><c> say</c><00:10:18.320><c> 18,000</c><00:10:18.880><c> ft,</c>

00:10:19.350 --> 00:10:19.360 align:start position:0%
high flight, say 18,000 ft,

00:10:19.360 --> 00:10:21.590 align:start position:0%
high flight, say 18,000 ft,
>> you<00:10:19.519><c> need</c><00:10:19.760><c> half</c><00:10:20.000><c> that.</c><00:10:20.240><c> So,</c><00:10:20.480><c> 9,000</c><00:10:20.959><c> ft.</c><00:10:21.279><c> A</c><00:10:21.440><c> big</c>

00:10:21.590 --> 00:10:21.600 align:start position:0%
>> you need half that. So, 9,000 ft. A big

00:10:21.600 --> 00:10:22.069 align:start position:0%
>> you need half that. So, 9,000 ft. A big
field.

00:10:22.069 --> 00:10:22.079 align:start position:0%
field.

00:10:22.079 --> 00:10:24.230 align:start position:0%
field.
>> A<00:10:22.240><c> very</c><00:10:22.399><c> big</c><00:10:22.560><c> field.</c><00:10:22.880><c> Yes.</c><00:10:23.200><c> At</c><00:10:23.200><c> least</c><00:10:23.519><c> 9,000</c><00:10:24.000><c> ft</c>

00:10:24.230 --> 00:10:24.240 align:start position:0%
>> A very big field. Yes. At least 9,000 ft

00:10:24.240 --> 00:10:26.230 align:start position:0%
>> A very big field. Yes. At least 9,000 ft
across<00:10:24.720><c> for</c><00:10:24.959><c> safety</c><00:10:25.200><c> and</c><00:10:25.360><c> recovery</c><00:10:25.760><c> access.</c>

00:10:26.230 --> 00:10:26.240 align:start position:0%
across for safety and recovery access.

00:10:26.240 --> 00:10:28.069 align:start position:0%
across for safety and recovery access.
>> Okay.<00:10:26.480><c> And</c><00:10:26.720><c> distances</c><00:10:27.120><c> to</c><00:10:27.360><c> things</c><00:10:27.519><c> like</c><00:10:27.680><c> roads</c>

00:10:28.069 --> 00:10:28.079 align:start position:0%
>> Okay. And distances to things like roads

00:10:28.079 --> 00:10:29.110 align:start position:0%
>> Okay. And distances to things like roads
or<00:10:28.320><c> buildings.</c>

00:10:29.110 --> 00:10:29.120 align:start position:0%
or buildings.

00:10:29.120 --> 00:10:31.269 align:start position:0%
or buildings.
>> Critical<00:10:29.600><c> separation</c><00:10:30.160><c> distances.</c><00:10:30.959><c> You</c><00:10:31.120><c> need</c>

00:10:31.269 --> 00:10:31.279 align:start position:0%
>> Critical separation distances. You need

00:10:31.279 --> 00:10:33.190 align:start position:0%
>> Critical separation distances. You need
a<00:10:31.519><c> minimum</c><00:10:31.839><c> of</c><00:10:32.240><c> 1500</c><00:10:32.560><c> feet</c><00:10:32.800><c> between</c><00:10:33.040><c> the</c>

00:10:33.190 --> 00:10:33.200 align:start position:0%
a minimum of 1500 feet between the

00:10:33.200 --> 00:10:35.030 align:start position:0%
a minimum of 1500 feet between the
launchpad<00:10:33.680><c> itself</c><00:10:34.000><c> and</c><00:10:34.240><c> any</c><00:10:34.560><c> occupied</c>

00:10:35.030 --> 00:10:35.040 align:start position:0%
launchpad itself and any occupied

00:10:35.040 --> 00:10:37.829 align:start position:0%
launchpad itself and any occupied
structures<00:10:35.600><c> or</c><00:10:36.320><c> um</c><00:10:36.959><c> significantly</c><00:10:37.519><c> busy</c>

00:10:37.829 --> 00:10:37.839 align:start position:0%
structures or um significantly busy

00:10:37.839 --> 00:10:38.470 align:start position:0%
structures or um significantly busy
roads.

00:10:38.470 --> 00:10:38.480 align:start position:0%
roads.

00:10:38.480 --> 00:10:40.949 align:start position:0%
roads.
>> 1500<00:10:38.800><c> feet</c><00:10:39.120><c> buffer</c><00:10:39.440><c> zone</c><00:10:40.320><c> and</c><00:10:40.480><c> for</c><00:10:40.720><c> people</c>

00:10:40.949 --> 00:10:40.959 align:start position:0%
>> 1500 feet buffer zone and for people

00:10:40.959 --> 00:10:41.350 align:start position:0%
>> 1500 feet buffer zone and for people
watching

00:10:41.350 --> 00:10:41.360 align:start position:0%
watching

00:10:41.360 --> 00:10:43.829 align:start position:0%
watching
>> the<00:10:41.600><c> personnel</c><00:10:42.240><c> the</c><00:10:42.480><c> distances</c><00:10:43.200><c> scale</c><00:10:43.600><c> up</c>

00:10:43.829 --> 00:10:43.839 align:start position:0%
>> the personnel the distances scale up

00:10:43.839 --> 00:10:46.389 align:start position:0%
>> the personnel the distances scale up
with<00:10:44.160><c> motor</c><00:10:44.480><c> power.</c><00:10:45.120><c> For</c><00:10:45.279><c> instance,</c><00:10:45.680><c> a</c><00:10:45.920><c> single</c>

00:10:46.389 --> 00:10:46.399 align:start position:0%
with motor power. For instance, a single

00:10:46.399 --> 00:10:48.710 align:start position:0%
with motor power. For instance, a single
I<00:10:46.720><c> motor</c><00:10:47.360><c> requires</c><00:10:47.760><c> everyone</c><00:10:48.079><c> to</c><00:10:48.240><c> be</c><00:10:48.320><c> at</c><00:10:48.399><c> least</c>

00:10:48.710 --> 00:10:48.720 align:start position:0%
I motor requires everyone to be at least

00:10:48.720 --> 00:10:49.590 align:start position:0%
I motor requires everyone to be at least
100<00:10:48.959><c> ft</c><00:10:49.200><c> away.</c>

00:10:49.590 --> 00:10:49.600 align:start position:0%
100 ft away.

00:10:49.600 --> 00:10:49.910 align:start position:0%
100 ft away.
>> Okay.

00:10:49.910 --> 00:10:49.920 align:start position:0%
>> Okay.

00:10:49.920 --> 00:10:51.269 align:start position:0%
>> Okay.
>> But<00:10:50.079><c> if</c><00:10:50.240><c> you're</c><00:10:50.399><c> launching</c><00:10:50.720><c> something</c><00:10:50.959><c> more</c>

00:10:51.269 --> 00:10:51.279 align:start position:0%
>> But if you're launching something more

00:10:51.279 --> 00:10:53.590 align:start position:0%
>> But if you're launching something more
powerful,<00:10:51.920><c> maybe</c><00:10:52.240><c> two</c><00:10:52.560><c> K</c><00:10:52.800><c> motors</c><00:10:53.120><c> clustered</c>

00:10:53.590 --> 00:10:53.600 align:start position:0%
powerful, maybe two K motors clustered

00:10:53.600 --> 00:10:56.470 align:start position:0%
powerful, maybe two K motors clustered
together,<00:10:54.240><c> that</c><00:10:54.560><c> distance</c><00:10:54.959><c> jumps</c><00:10:55.200><c> to</c><00:10:55.440><c> 500</c><00:10:55.839><c> ft.</c>

00:10:56.470 --> 00:10:56.480 align:start position:0%
together, that distance jumps to 500 ft.

00:10:56.480 --> 00:10:59.590 align:start position:0%
together, that distance jumps to 500 ft.
>> Wow.<00:10:56.880><c> 500</c><00:10:57.279><c> ft</c><00:10:57.600><c> back.</c><00:10:58.560><c> That</c><00:10:58.880><c> really</c><00:10:59.120><c> highlights</c>

00:10:59.590 --> 00:10:59.600 align:start position:0%
>> Wow. 500 ft back. That really highlights

00:10:59.600 --> 00:11:02.230 align:start position:0%
>> Wow. 500 ft back. That really highlights
how<00:10:59.760><c> the</c><00:11:00.079><c> energy</c><00:11:00.560><c> involved</c><00:11:01.360><c> dictates</c><00:11:01.920><c> that</c>

00:11:02.230 --> 00:11:02.240 align:start position:0%
how the energy involved dictates that

00:11:02.240 --> 00:11:03.269 align:start position:0%
how the energy involved dictates that
safety<00:11:02.640><c> envelope.</c>

00:11:03.269 --> 00:11:03.279 align:start position:0%
safety envelope.

00:11:03.279 --> 00:11:05.190 align:start position:0%
safety envelope.
>> It<00:11:03.519><c> does.</c><00:11:04.000><c> And</c><00:11:04.160><c> what</c><00:11:04.320><c> if</c><00:11:04.480><c> you're</c><00:11:04.720><c> using</c><00:11:04.959><c> those</c>

00:11:05.190 --> 00:11:05.200 align:start position:0%
>> It does. And what if you're using those

00:11:05.200 --> 00:11:07.269 align:start position:0%
>> It does. And what if you're using those
sparky<00:11:05.680><c> motors,</c><00:11:06.320><c> the</c><00:11:06.480><c> ones</c><00:11:06.720><c> that</c><00:11:06.880><c> leave</c><00:11:07.040><c> those</c>

00:11:07.269 --> 00:11:07.279 align:start position:0%
sparky motors, the ones that leave those

00:11:07.279 --> 00:11:09.350 align:start position:0%
sparky motors, the ones that leave those
cool<00:11:07.600><c> trails?</c><00:11:08.320><c> Do</c><00:11:08.480><c> they</c><00:11:08.640><c> need</c><00:11:08.800><c> even</c><00:11:09.040><c> more</c>

00:11:09.350 --> 00:11:09.360 align:start position:0%
cool trails? Do they need even more

00:11:09.360 --> 00:11:09.990 align:start position:0%
cool trails? Do they need even more
space?

00:11:09.990 --> 00:11:10.000 align:start position:0%
space?

00:11:10.000 --> 00:11:11.269 align:start position:0%
space?
>> Good<00:11:10.240><c> question.</c><00:11:10.480><c> I</c><00:11:10.720><c> was</c><00:11:10.800><c> wondering</c><00:11:11.040><c> about</c>

00:11:11.269 --> 00:11:11.279 align:start position:0%
>> Good question. I was wondering about

00:11:11.279 --> 00:11:11.670 align:start position:0%
>> Good question. I was wondering about
those.

00:11:11.670 --> 00:11:11.680 align:start position:0%
those.

00:11:11.680 --> 00:11:13.350 align:start position:0%
those.
>> They<00:11:11.839><c> certainly</c><00:11:12.160><c> do.</c><00:11:12.399><c> Sparky</c><00:11:12.880><c> motors,</c><00:11:13.120><c> which</c>

00:11:13.350 --> 00:11:13.360 align:start position:0%
>> They certainly do. Sparky motors, which

00:11:13.360 --> 00:11:15.269 align:start position:0%
>> They certainly do. Sparky motors, which
contain<00:11:13.680><c> additives</c><00:11:14.079><c> like</c><00:11:14.320><c> titanium</c><00:11:14.880><c> sponge</c>

00:11:15.269 --> 00:11:15.279 align:start position:0%
contain additives like titanium sponge

00:11:15.279 --> 00:11:17.509 align:start position:0%
contain additives like titanium sponge
to<00:11:15.440><c> create</c><00:11:15.600><c> those</c><00:11:15.839><c> brilliant</c><00:11:16.240><c> sparks.</c><00:11:17.200><c> Well,</c>

00:11:17.509 --> 00:11:17.519 align:start position:0%
to create those brilliant sparks. Well,

00:11:17.519 --> 00:11:19.350 align:start position:0%
to create those brilliant sparks. Well,
they<00:11:17.839><c> require</c><00:11:18.160><c> an</c><00:11:18.320><c> increased</c><00:11:18.800><c> clear</c><00:11:19.040><c> area</c>

00:11:19.350 --> 00:11:19.360 align:start position:0%
they require an increased clear area

00:11:19.360 --> 00:11:20.150 align:start position:0%
they require an increased clear area
around<00:11:19.600><c> the</c><00:11:19.760><c> pad</c>

00:11:20.150 --> 00:11:20.160 align:start position:0%
around the pad

00:11:20.160 --> 00:11:21.590 align:start position:0%
around the pad
>> because<00:11:20.399><c> of</c><00:11:20.560><c> fire</c><00:11:20.800><c> risk.</c>

00:11:21.590 --> 00:11:21.600 align:start position:0%
>> because of fire risk.

00:11:21.600 --> 00:11:23.670 align:start position:0%
>> because of fire risk.
>> Exactly.<00:11:22.240><c> More</c><00:11:22.560><c> potential</c><00:11:22.880><c> for</c><00:11:23.040><c> throwing</c><00:11:23.440><c> hot</c>

00:11:23.670 --> 00:11:23.680 align:start position:0%
>> Exactly. More potential for throwing hot

00:11:23.680 --> 00:11:26.389 align:start position:0%
>> Exactly. More potential for throwing hot
particles.<00:11:24.480><c> So</c><00:11:24.720><c> for</c><00:11:24.880><c> example,</c><00:11:25.440><c> a</c><00:11:25.680><c> single</c><00:11:26.079><c> J</c>

00:11:26.389 --> 00:11:26.399 align:start position:0%
particles. So for example, a single J

00:11:26.399 --> 00:11:29.750 align:start position:0%
particles. So for example, a single J
sparky<00:11:26.959><c> motor</c><00:11:27.440><c> eats</c><00:11:28.079><c> 75</c><00:11:28.480><c> ft</c><00:11:28.800><c> clear</c><00:11:29.120><c> of</c><00:11:29.360><c> dry</c>

00:11:29.750 --> 00:11:29.760 align:start position:0%
sparky motor eats 75 ft clear of dry

00:11:29.760 --> 00:11:31.910 align:start position:0%
sparky motor eats 75 ft clear of dry
grass<00:11:30.079><c> or</c><00:11:30.399><c> other</c><00:11:30.560><c> combustible</c><00:11:31.200><c> materials</c>

00:11:31.910 --> 00:11:31.920 align:start position:0%
grass or other combustible materials

00:11:31.920 --> 00:11:34.949 align:start position:0%
grass or other combustible materials
compared<00:11:32.320><c> to</c><00:11:32.480><c> just</c><00:11:32.800><c> 50</c><00:11:32.959><c> feet</c><00:11:33.600><c> for</c><00:11:33.839><c> a</c><00:11:34.160><c> standard</c>

00:11:34.949 --> 00:11:34.959 align:start position:0%
compared to just 50 feet for a standard

00:11:34.959 --> 00:11:36.949 align:start position:0%
compared to just 50 feet for a standard
non-sparky<00:11:35.760><c> J</c><00:11:36.000><c> motor.</c><00:11:36.399><c> It's</c><00:11:36.720><c> about</c>

00:11:36.949 --> 00:11:36.959 align:start position:0%
non-sparky J motor. It's about

00:11:36.959 --> 00:11:39.110 align:start position:0%
non-sparky J motor. It's about
containing<00:11:37.440><c> not</c><00:11:37.600><c> just</c><00:11:37.760><c> the</c><00:11:37.920><c> rocket</c><00:11:38.240><c> but</c><00:11:38.480><c> also</c>

00:11:39.110 --> 00:11:39.120 align:start position:0%
containing not just the rocket but also

00:11:39.120 --> 00:11:40.710 align:start position:0%
containing not just the rocket but also
yeah<00:11:39.519><c> any</c><00:11:39.760><c> fiery</c><00:11:40.079><c> emissions.</c>

00:11:40.710 --> 00:11:40.720 align:start position:0%
yeah any fiery emissions.

00:11:40.720 --> 00:11:42.949 align:start position:0%
yeah any fiery emissions.
>> It's<00:11:40.959><c> clear</c><00:11:41.120><c> that</c><00:11:41.360><c> vigilance</c><00:11:41.920><c> is</c><00:11:42.160><c> key</c><00:11:42.720><c> from</c>

00:11:42.949 --> 00:11:42.959 align:start position:0%
>> It's clear that vigilance is key from

00:11:42.959 --> 00:11:44.470 align:start position:0%
>> It's clear that vigilance is key from
the<00:11:43.120><c> planning</c><00:11:43.519><c> stage</c><00:11:43.839><c> right</c><00:11:44.079><c> through</c><00:11:44.240><c> to</c>

00:11:44.470 --> 00:11:44.480 align:start position:0%
the planning stage right through to

00:11:44.480 --> 00:11:46.310 align:start position:0%
the planning stage right through to
launch.<00:11:45.120><c> Let's</c><00:11:45.360><c> talk</c><00:11:45.519><c> about</c><00:11:45.760><c> handling</c><00:11:46.079><c> the</c>

00:11:46.310 --> 00:11:46.320 align:start position:0%
launch. Let's talk about handling the

00:11:46.320 --> 00:11:48.150 align:start position:0%
launch. Let's talk about handling the
motors<00:11:46.640><c> themselves</c><00:11:47.120><c> and</c><00:11:47.440><c> the</c><00:11:47.680><c> igniters.</c>

00:11:48.150 --> 00:11:48.160 align:start position:0%
motors themselves and the igniters.

00:11:48.160 --> 00:11:49.910 align:start position:0%
motors themselves and the igniters.
What's<00:11:48.399><c> the</c><00:11:48.560><c> protocol</c><00:11:49.040><c> if</c><00:11:49.200><c> you</c><00:11:49.440><c> you</c><00:11:49.600><c> know</c><00:11:49.680><c> push</c>

00:11:49.910 --> 00:11:49.920 align:start position:0%
What's the protocol if you you know push

00:11:49.920 --> 00:11:51.990 align:start position:0%
What's the protocol if you you know push
the<00:11:50.079><c> button</c><00:11:50.320><c> and</c><00:11:51.040><c> nothing</c><00:11:51.360><c> happens?</c><00:11:51.839><c> A</c>

00:11:51.990 --> 00:11:52.000 align:start position:0%
the button and nothing happens? A

00:11:52.000 --> 00:11:55.030 align:start position:0%
the button and nothing happens? A
misfire.<00:11:52.720><c> Ah,</c><00:11:53.120><c> the</c><00:11:53.360><c> dreaded</c><00:11:53.839><c> misfire.</c><00:11:54.800><c> If</c>

00:11:55.030 --> 00:11:55.040 align:start position:0%
misfire. Ah, the dreaded misfire. If

00:11:55.040 --> 00:11:57.430 align:start position:0%
misfire. Ah, the dreaded misfire. If
that<00:11:55.360><c> happens,</c><00:11:56.000><c> the</c><00:11:56.240><c> absolute</c><00:11:56.720><c> golden</c><00:11:57.120><c> rule</c>

00:11:57.430 --> 00:11:57.440 align:start position:0%
that happens, the absolute golden rule

00:11:57.440 --> 00:11:59.110 align:start position:0%
that happens, the absolute golden rule
is<00:11:57.600><c> you</c><00:11:57.839><c> wait</c><00:11:58.160><c> 60</c><00:11:58.480><c> seconds</c><00:11:58.800><c> before</c>

00:11:59.110 --> 00:11:59.120 align:start position:0%
is you wait 60 seconds before

00:11:59.120 --> 00:12:00.230 align:start position:0%
is you wait 60 seconds before
approaching<00:11:59.440><c> the</c><00:11:59.600><c> launch</c><00:11:59.839><c> pad.</c>

00:12:00.230 --> 00:12:00.240 align:start position:0%
approaching the launch pad.

00:12:00.240 --> 00:12:01.110 align:start position:0%
approaching the launch pad.
>> One<00:12:00.480><c> full</c><00:12:00.720><c> minute.</c>

00:12:01.110 --> 00:12:01.120 align:start position:0%
>> One full minute.

00:12:01.120 --> 00:12:03.430 align:start position:0%
>> One full minute.
>> One<00:12:01.360><c> full</c><00:12:01.600><c> minute.</c><00:12:01.920><c> No</c><00:12:02.160><c> exceptions.</c><00:12:03.040><c> This</c><00:12:03.200><c> is</c>

00:12:03.430 --> 00:12:03.440 align:start position:0%
>> One full minute. No exceptions. This is

00:12:03.440 --> 00:12:05.829 align:start position:0%
>> One full minute. No exceptions. This is
crucial<00:12:03.760><c> safety</c><00:12:04.079><c> buffer,</c><00:12:04.959><c> giving</c><00:12:05.279><c> any,</c><00:12:05.680><c> you</c>

00:12:05.829 --> 00:12:05.839 align:start position:0%
crucial safety buffer, giving any, you

00:12:05.839 --> 00:12:07.590 align:start position:0%
crucial safety buffer, giving any, you
know,<00:12:06.000><c> lingering</c><00:12:06.399><c> embers</c><00:12:06.880><c> or</c><00:12:07.200><c> maybe</c><00:12:07.360><c> a</c>

00:12:07.590 --> 00:12:07.600 align:start position:0%
know, lingering embers or maybe a

00:12:07.600 --> 00:12:09.509 align:start position:0%
know, lingering embers or maybe a
delayed<00:12:07.920><c> chemical</c><00:12:08.240><c> reaction</c><00:12:08.639><c> a</c><00:12:08.880><c> chance</c><00:12:09.120><c> to</c>

00:12:09.509 --> 00:12:09.519 align:start position:0%
delayed chemical reaction a chance to

00:12:09.519 --> 00:12:11.750 align:start position:0%
delayed chemical reaction a chance to
either<00:12:09.839><c> fully</c><00:12:10.240><c> ignite</c><00:12:10.480><c> or</c><00:12:10.720><c> burn</c><00:12:10.959><c> out</c><00:12:11.200><c> safely.</c>

00:12:11.750 --> 00:12:11.760 align:start position:0%
either fully ignite or burn out safely.

00:12:11.760 --> 00:12:13.590 align:start position:0%
either fully ignite or burn out safely.
>> Got<00:12:12.000><c> it.</c><00:12:12.399><c> And</c><00:12:12.639><c> for</c><00:12:12.800><c> clusters,</c><00:12:13.279><c> when</c><00:12:13.440><c> you're</c>

00:12:13.590 --> 00:12:13.600 align:start position:0%
>> Got it. And for clusters, when you're

00:12:13.600 --> 00:12:15.269 align:start position:0%
>> Got it. And for clusters, when you're
trying<00:12:13.680><c> to</c><00:12:13.839><c> light</c><00:12:14.079><c> multiple</c><00:12:14.480><c> motors</c><00:12:14.800><c> at</c><00:12:14.959><c> once,</c>

00:12:15.269 --> 00:12:15.279 align:start position:0%
trying to light multiple motors at once,

00:12:15.279 --> 00:12:17.269 align:start position:0%
trying to light multiple motors at once,
how<00:12:15.360><c> are</c><00:12:15.519><c> those</c><00:12:15.760><c> igniters</c><00:12:16.160><c> typically</c><00:12:16.560><c> wired?</c>

00:12:17.269 --> 00:12:17.279 align:start position:0%
how are those igniters typically wired?

00:12:17.279 --> 00:12:18.949 align:start position:0%
how are those igniters typically wired?
>> Generally,<00:12:17.680><c> for</c><00:12:17.839><c> clustered</c><00:12:18.320><c> motors,</c><00:12:18.720><c> the</c>

00:12:18.949 --> 00:12:18.959 align:start position:0%
>> Generally, for clustered motors, the

00:12:18.959 --> 00:12:20.710 align:start position:0%
>> Generally, for clustered motors, the
igniters<00:12:19.360><c> are</c><00:12:19.519><c> wired</c><00:12:19.760><c> in</c><00:12:20.000><c> parallel.</c>

00:12:20.710 --> 00:12:20.720 align:start position:0%
igniters are wired in parallel.

00:12:20.720 --> 00:12:22.550 align:start position:0%
igniters are wired in parallel.
>> Parallel,<00:12:21.200><c> not</c><00:12:21.360><c> series.</c><00:12:21.839><c> Why</c><00:12:22.000><c> is</c><00:12:22.160><c> that?</c>

00:12:22.550 --> 00:12:22.560 align:start position:0%
>> Parallel, not series. Why is that?

00:12:22.560 --> 00:12:24.870 align:start position:0%
>> Parallel, not series. Why is that?
>> Think<00:12:22.800><c> of</c><00:12:22.880><c> it</c><00:12:23.040><c> like</c><00:12:23.200><c> Christmas</c><00:12:23.600><c> lights.</c><00:12:24.639><c> In</c>

00:12:24.870 --> 00:12:24.880 align:start position:0%
>> Think of it like Christmas lights. In

00:12:24.880 --> 00:12:27.030 align:start position:0%
>> Think of it like Christmas lights. In
parallel,<00:12:25.760><c> each</c><00:12:26.079><c> igniter</c><00:12:26.480><c> gets</c><00:12:26.639><c> the</c><00:12:26.880><c> full</c>

00:12:27.030 --> 00:12:27.040 align:start position:0%
parallel, each igniter gets the full

00:12:27.040 --> 00:12:28.389 align:start position:0%
parallel, each igniter gets the full
voltage<00:12:27.360><c> from</c><00:12:27.600><c> the</c><00:12:27.760><c> launch</c><00:12:28.079><c> system</c>

00:12:28.389 --> 00:12:28.399 align:start position:0%
voltage from the launch system

00:12:28.399 --> 00:12:30.949 align:start position:0%
voltage from the launch system
independently.<00:12:29.440><c> If</c><00:12:29.680><c> one</c><00:12:30.000><c> igniter</c><00:12:30.320><c> fails</c><00:12:30.639><c> or</c>

00:12:30.949 --> 00:12:30.959 align:start position:0%
independently. If one igniter fails or

00:12:30.959 --> 00:12:32.790 align:start position:0%
independently. If one igniter fails or
has<00:12:31.200><c> slightly</c><00:12:31.600><c> higher</c><00:12:31.839><c> resistance,</c><00:12:32.560><c> the</c>

00:12:32.790 --> 00:12:32.800 align:start position:0%
has slightly higher resistance, the

00:12:32.800 --> 00:12:35.670 align:start position:0%
has slightly higher resistance, the
others<00:12:33.120><c> still</c><00:12:33.279><c> get</c><00:12:33.519><c> full</c><00:12:33.760><c> power.</c><00:12:34.639><c> In</c><00:12:34.959><c> series,</c>

00:12:35.670 --> 00:12:35.680 align:start position:0%
others still get full power. In series,

00:12:35.680 --> 00:12:38.470 align:start position:0%
others still get full power. In series,
if<00:12:35.920><c> one</c><00:12:36.240><c> fails,</c><00:12:36.959><c> the</c><00:12:37.200><c> whole</c><00:12:37.360><c> circuit</c><00:12:37.760><c> breaks.</c>

00:12:38.470 --> 00:12:38.480 align:start position:0%
if one fails, the whole circuit breaks.

00:12:38.480 --> 00:12:40.310 align:start position:0%
if one fails, the whole circuit breaks.
So,<00:12:38.959><c> parallel</c><00:12:39.440><c> gives</c><00:12:39.600><c> you</c><00:12:39.760><c> a</c><00:12:39.920><c> much</c><00:12:40.079><c> better</c>

00:12:40.310 --> 00:12:40.320 align:start position:0%
So, parallel gives you a much better

00:12:40.320 --> 00:12:42.550 align:start position:0%
So, parallel gives you a much better
chance<00:12:40.480><c> of</c><00:12:40.720><c> getting</c><00:12:41.040><c> all</c><00:12:41.279><c> motors</c><00:12:41.839><c> lit</c>

00:12:42.550 --> 00:12:42.560 align:start position:0%
chance of getting all motors lit

00:12:42.560 --> 00:12:44.870 align:start position:0%
chance of getting all motors lit
simultaneously.<00:12:43.600><c> Although,</c><00:12:44.399><c> always</c><00:12:44.720><c> check</c>

00:12:44.870 --> 00:12:44.880 align:start position:0%
simultaneously. Although, always check

00:12:44.880 --> 00:12:46.389 align:start position:0%
simultaneously. Although, always check
the<00:12:45.120><c> manufacturer's</c><00:12:45.760><c> instructions,</c><00:12:46.240><c> of</c>

00:12:46.389 --> 00:12:46.399 align:start position:0%
the manufacturer's instructions, of

00:12:46.399 --> 00:12:46.629 align:start position:0%
the manufacturer's instructions, of
course.

00:12:46.629 --> 00:12:46.639 align:start position:0%
course.

00:12:46.639 --> 00:12:47.990 align:start position:0%
course.
>> Right.<00:12:46.959><c> Check</c><00:12:47.120><c> the</c><00:12:47.279><c> instructions.</c><00:12:47.839><c> And</c>

00:12:47.990 --> 00:12:48.000 align:start position:0%
>> Right. Check the instructions. And

00:12:48.000 --> 00:12:49.509 align:start position:0%
>> Right. Check the instructions. And
checking<00:12:48.320><c> the</c><00:12:48.560><c> circuit</c><00:12:48.880><c> itself,</c><00:12:49.360><c> the</c>

00:12:49.509 --> 00:12:49.519 align:start position:0%
checking the circuit itself, the

00:12:49.519 --> 00:12:51.430 align:start position:0%
checking the circuit itself, the
continuity<00:12:50.160><c> check.</c><00:12:50.560><c> When</c><00:12:50.800><c> do</c><00:12:50.959><c> you</c><00:12:51.040><c> do</c><00:12:51.120><c> that?</c>

00:12:51.430 --> 00:12:51.440 align:start position:0%
continuity check. When do you do that?

00:12:51.440 --> 00:12:53.430 align:start position:0%
continuity check. When do you do that?
>> This<00:12:51.680><c> is</c><00:12:51.839><c> critical.</c><00:12:52.480><c> Continuity</c><00:12:53.040><c> checks.</c>

00:12:53.430 --> 00:12:53.440 align:start position:0%
>> This is critical. Continuity checks.

00:12:53.440 --> 00:12:55.430 align:start position:0%
>> This is critical. Continuity checks.
Just<00:12:53.920><c> making</c><00:12:54.240><c> sure</c><00:12:54.399><c> your</c><00:12:54.639><c> igniter</c><00:12:54.959><c> circuit</c><00:12:55.279><c> is</c>

00:12:55.430 --> 00:12:55.440 align:start position:0%
Just making sure your igniter circuit is

00:12:55.440 --> 00:12:57.030 align:start position:0%
Just making sure your igniter circuit is
complete<00:12:55.920><c> should</c><00:12:56.240><c> only</c><00:12:56.480><c> be</c><00:12:56.639><c> done</c><00:12:56.720><c> on</c><00:12:56.880><c> the</c>

00:12:57.030 --> 00:12:57.040 align:start position:0%
complete should only be done on the

00:12:57.040 --> 00:12:59.350 align:start position:0%
complete should only be done on the
launchpad<00:12:57.839><c> with</c><00:12:58.079><c> the</c><00:12:58.240><c> rocket</c><00:12:58.560><c> fully</c><00:12:58.880><c> prepped</c>

00:12:59.350 --> 00:12:59.360 align:start position:0%
launchpad with the rocket fully prepped

00:12:59.360 --> 00:13:01.670 align:start position:0%
launchpad with the rocket fully prepped
and<00:12:59.600><c> pointed</c><00:13:00.000><c> safely</c><00:13:00.480><c> skyward.</c><00:13:01.040><c> Yeah.</c><00:13:01.360><c> Never</c>

00:13:01.670 --> 00:13:01.680 align:start position:0%
and pointed safely skyward. Yeah. Never

00:13:01.680 --> 00:13:03.030 align:start position:0%
and pointed safely skyward. Yeah. Never
beforehand<00:13:02.160><c> in</c><00:13:02.320><c> the</c><00:13:02.480><c> prep</c><00:13:02.639><c> area.</c>

00:13:03.030 --> 00:13:03.040 align:start position:0%
beforehand in the prep area.

00:13:03.040 --> 00:13:05.190 align:start position:0%
beforehand in the prep area.
>> Okay.<00:13:03.279><c> Only</c><00:13:03.519><c> on</c><00:13:03.680><c> the</c><00:13:03.760><c> pad</c><00:13:04.320><c> for</c><00:13:04.560><c> safety.</c>

00:13:05.190 --> 00:13:05.200 align:start position:0%
>> Okay. Only on the pad for safety.

00:13:05.200 --> 00:13:07.030 align:start position:0%
>> Okay. Only on the pad for safety.
>> Absolutely.<00:13:05.839><c> And</c><00:13:06.079><c> once</c><00:13:06.240><c> you're</c><00:13:06.480><c> on</c><00:13:06.560><c> the</c><00:13:06.720><c> pad,</c>

00:13:07.030 --> 00:13:07.040 align:start position:0%
>> Absolutely. And once you're on the pad,

00:13:07.040 --> 00:13:08.949 align:start position:0%
>> Absolutely. And once you're on the pad,
rocket<00:13:07.440><c> aimed</c><00:13:07.760><c> up,</c><00:13:08.240><c> what</c><00:13:08.399><c> are</c><00:13:08.560><c> some</c><00:13:08.639><c> of</c><00:13:08.800><c> those</c>

00:13:08.949 --> 00:13:08.959 align:start position:0%
rocket aimed up, what are some of those

00:13:08.959 --> 00:13:10.629 align:start position:0%
rocket aimed up, what are some of those
little<00:13:09.200><c> practical</c><00:13:09.680><c> pre-launch</c><00:13:10.160><c> checks</c><00:13:10.480><c> that</c>

00:13:10.629 --> 00:13:10.639 align:start position:0%
little practical pre-launch checks that

00:13:10.639 --> 00:13:12.389 align:start position:0%
little practical pre-launch checks that
experienced<00:13:11.120><c> rocketeers</c><00:13:11.760><c> always</c><00:13:12.079><c> do?</c>

00:13:12.389 --> 00:13:12.399 align:start position:0%
experienced rocketeers always do?

00:13:12.399 --> 00:13:14.310 align:start position:0%
experienced rocketeers always do?
>> Yeah.<00:13:12.720><c> Any</c><00:13:12.880><c> insider</c><00:13:13.360><c> tips?</c><00:13:13.680><c> A</c><00:13:13.920><c> very</c><00:13:14.160><c> common</c>

00:13:14.310 --> 00:13:14.320 align:start position:0%
>> Yeah. Any insider tips? A very common

00:13:14.320 --> 00:13:16.710 align:start position:0%
>> Yeah. Any insider tips? A very common
one,<00:13:14.639><c> a</c><00:13:14.800><c> good</c><00:13:14.959><c> habit</c><00:13:15.600><c> is</c><00:13:15.920><c> right</c><00:13:16.160><c> before</c><00:13:16.399><c> you</c>

00:13:16.710 --> 00:13:16.720 align:start position:0%
one, a good habit is right before you

00:13:16.720 --> 00:13:19.269 align:start position:0%
one, a good habit is right before you
actually<00:13:17.120><c> hook</c><00:13:17.440><c> up</c><00:13:17.600><c> your</c><00:13:17.920><c> igniter</c><00:13:18.800><c> leads</c><00:13:19.120><c> to</c>

00:13:19.269 --> 00:13:19.279 align:start position:0%
actually hook up your igniter leads to

00:13:19.279 --> 00:13:21.269 align:start position:0%
actually hook up your igniter leads to
the<00:13:19.519><c> rocket's</c><00:13:19.920><c> igniter,</c><00:13:20.560><c> you</c><00:13:20.720><c> take</c><00:13:20.880><c> the</c><00:13:21.040><c> two</c>

00:13:21.269 --> 00:13:21.279 align:start position:0%
the rocket's igniter, you take the two

00:13:21.279 --> 00:13:22.870 align:start position:0%
the rocket's igniter, you take the two
clips<00:13:21.519><c> from</c><00:13:21.760><c> your</c><00:13:21.920><c> launch</c><00:13:22.160><c> system,</c><00:13:22.480><c> the</c><00:13:22.639><c> ones</c>

00:13:22.870 --> 00:13:22.880 align:start position:0%
clips from your launch system, the ones

00:13:22.880 --> 00:13:24.310 align:start position:0%
clips from your launch system, the ones
you're<00:13:23.040><c> about</c><00:13:23.200><c> to</c><00:13:23.360><c> connect,</c><00:13:23.760><c> and</c><00:13:24.000><c> you</c><00:13:24.160><c> just</c>

00:13:24.310 --> 00:13:24.320 align:start position:0%
you're about to connect, and you just

00:13:24.320 --> 00:13:26.230 align:start position:0%
you're about to connect, and you just
quickly<00:13:24.720><c> touch</c><00:13:24.880><c> the</c><00:13:25.120><c> metal</c><00:13:25.360><c> clips</c><00:13:25.680><c> together.</c>

00:13:26.230 --> 00:13:26.240 align:start position:0%
quickly touch the metal clips together.

00:13:26.240 --> 00:13:28.230 align:start position:0%
quickly touch the metal clips together.
>> Touch<00:13:26.560><c> the</c><00:13:26.720><c> clips</c><00:13:27.120><c> together.</c><00:13:27.760><c> Why?</c>

00:13:28.230 --> 00:13:28.240 align:start position:0%
>> Touch the clips together. Why?

00:13:28.240 --> 00:13:30.389 align:start position:0%
>> Touch the clips together. Why?
>> You're<00:13:28.480><c> checking</c><00:13:28.720><c> for</c><00:13:28.880><c> sparks.</c><00:13:29.760><c> If</c><00:13:29.920><c> you</c><00:13:30.079><c> see</c><00:13:30.160><c> a</c>

00:13:30.389 --> 00:13:30.399 align:start position:0%
>> You're checking for sparks. If you see a

00:13:30.399 --> 00:13:31.910 align:start position:0%
>> You're checking for sparks. If you see a
spark,<00:13:30.720><c> it</c><00:13:30.800><c> means</c><00:13:31.040><c> your</c><00:13:31.200><c> launch</c><00:13:31.440><c> system</c><00:13:31.680><c> is</c>

00:13:31.910 --> 00:13:31.920 align:start position:0%
spark, it means your launch system is

00:13:31.920 --> 00:13:34.230 align:start position:0%
spark, it means your launch system is
somehow<00:13:32.240><c> energized</c><00:13:32.800><c> when</c><00:13:33.040><c> it</c><00:13:33.279><c> shouldn't</c><00:13:33.519><c> be.</c>

00:13:34.230 --> 00:13:34.240 align:start position:0%
somehow energized when it shouldn't be.

00:13:34.240 --> 00:13:35.990 align:start position:0%
somehow energized when it shouldn't be.
Maybe<00:13:34.480><c> the</c><00:13:34.720><c> key</c><00:13:34.959><c> wasn't</c><00:13:35.279><c> removed</c><00:13:35.600><c> or</c><00:13:35.760><c> there's</c>

00:13:35.990 --> 00:13:36.000 align:start position:0%
Maybe the key wasn't removed or there's

00:13:36.000 --> 00:13:38.870 align:start position:0%
Maybe the key wasn't removed or there's
a<00:13:36.160><c> short.</c><00:13:36.639><c> It's</c><00:13:36.880><c> a</c><00:13:37.120><c> simple</c><00:13:37.440><c> like</c><00:13:38.000><c> final</c><00:13:38.399><c> safety</c>

00:13:38.870 --> 00:13:38.880 align:start position:0%
a short. It's a simple like final safety

00:13:38.880 --> 00:13:41.110 align:start position:0%
a short. It's a simple like final safety
confirmation<00:13:39.680><c> that</c><00:13:40.000><c> the</c><00:13:40.160><c> system</c><00:13:40.399><c> is</c><00:13:40.639><c> truly</c>

00:13:41.110 --> 00:13:41.120 align:start position:0%
confirmation that the system is truly

00:13:41.120 --> 00:13:43.030 align:start position:0%
confirmation that the system is truly
off<00:13:41.839><c> before</c><00:13:42.160><c> you</c><00:13:42.320><c> make</c><00:13:42.480><c> that</c><00:13:42.720><c> final</c>

00:13:43.030 --> 00:13:43.040 align:start position:0%
off before you make that final

00:13:43.040 --> 00:13:44.310 align:start position:0%
off before you make that final
connection<00:13:43.360><c> to</c><00:13:43.519><c> the</c><00:13:43.680><c> rocket.</c>

00:13:44.310 --> 00:13:44.320 align:start position:0%
connection to the rocket.

00:13:44.320 --> 00:13:46.550 align:start position:0%
connection to the rocket.
>> That's<00:13:44.480><c> a</c><00:13:44.720><c> clever,</c><00:13:45.279><c> very</c><00:13:45.600><c> low</c><00:13:45.839><c> tech</c><00:13:46.160><c> safety</c>

00:13:46.550 --> 00:13:46.560 align:start position:0%
>> That's a clever, very low tech safety

00:13:46.560 --> 00:13:47.670 align:start position:0%
>> That's a clever, very low tech safety
check.

00:13:47.670 --> 00:13:47.680 align:start position:0%
check.

00:13:47.680 --> 00:13:50.069 align:start position:0%
check.
>> I<00:13:47.920><c> like</c><00:13:48.079><c> it.</c><00:13:48.959><c> Shifting</c><00:13:49.360><c> to</c><00:13:49.519><c> the</c><00:13:49.760><c> actual</c>

00:13:50.069 --> 00:13:50.079 align:start position:0%
>> I like it. Shifting to the actual

00:13:50.079 --> 00:13:51.990 align:start position:0%
>> I like it. Shifting to the actual
construction<00:13:50.480><c> of</c><00:13:50.639><c> the</c><00:13:50.880><c> rocket,</c><00:13:51.600><c> what</c><00:13:51.839><c> are</c>

00:13:51.990 --> 00:13:52.000 align:start position:0%
construction of the rocket, what are

00:13:52.000 --> 00:13:53.910 align:start position:0%
construction of the rocket, what are
some<00:13:52.160><c> key</c><00:13:52.480><c> choices</c><00:13:52.880><c> that</c><00:13:53.120><c> really</c><00:13:53.440><c> impact</c>

00:13:53.910 --> 00:13:53.920 align:start position:0%
some key choices that really impact

00:13:53.920 --> 00:13:55.829 align:start position:0%
some key choices that really impact
safety<00:13:54.240><c> and</c><00:13:54.560><c> reliability?</c><00:13:55.440><c> I'm</c><00:13:55.680><c> thinking</c>

00:13:55.829 --> 00:13:55.839 align:start position:0%
safety and reliability? I'm thinking

00:13:55.839 --> 00:13:57.189 align:start position:0%
safety and reliability? I'm thinking
about<00:13:56.079><c> things</c><00:13:56.240><c> like</c><00:13:56.399><c> how</c><00:13:56.560><c> you</c><00:13:56.720><c> attach</c><00:13:57.040><c> the</c>

00:13:57.189 --> 00:13:57.199 align:start position:0%
about things like how you attach the

00:13:57.199 --> 00:13:59.829 align:start position:0%
about things like how you attach the
fins<00:13:57.920><c> or</c><00:13:58.160><c> even</c><00:13:58.399><c> what</c><00:13:58.639><c> kind</c><00:13:58.720><c> of</c><00:13:58.880><c> glue</c><00:13:59.279><c> you</c><00:13:59.519><c> use.</c>

00:13:59.829 --> 00:13:59.839 align:start position:0%
fins or even what kind of glue you use.

00:13:59.839 --> 00:14:02.230 align:start position:0%
fins or even what kind of glue you use.
Seems<00:14:00.240><c> minor,</c><00:14:00.639><c> but</c><00:14:01.040><c> maybe</c><00:14:01.279><c> not.</c><00:14:01.760><c> Oh,</c><00:14:02.000><c> those</c>

00:14:02.230 --> 00:14:02.240 align:start position:0%
Seems minor, but maybe not. Oh, those

00:14:02.240 --> 00:14:04.230 align:start position:0%
Seems minor, but maybe not. Oh, those
seemingly<00:14:02.720><c> small</c><00:14:03.040><c> details</c><00:14:03.519><c> make</c><00:14:03.760><c> a</c><00:14:03.920><c> huge</c>

00:14:04.230 --> 00:14:04.240 align:start position:0%
seemingly small details make a huge

00:14:04.240 --> 00:14:05.750 align:start position:0%
seemingly small details make a huge
difference,<00:14:04.880><c> especially</c><00:14:05.360><c> under</c><00:14:05.600><c> the</c>

00:14:05.750 --> 00:14:05.760 align:start position:0%
difference, especially under the

00:14:05.760 --> 00:14:07.829 align:start position:0%
difference, especially under the
stresses<00:14:06.079><c> of</c><00:14:06.240><c> high</c><00:14:06.560><c> power</c><00:14:06.880><c> flight.</c><00:14:07.279><c> For</c><00:14:07.600><c> thin</c>

00:14:07.829 --> 00:14:07.839 align:start position:0%
stresses of high power flight. For thin

00:14:07.839 --> 00:14:10.069 align:start position:0%
stresses of high power flight. For thin
attachment,<00:14:08.639><c> through</c><00:14:08.880><c> the</c><00:14:09.040><c> wall</c><00:14:09.279><c> mounting</c><00:14:09.760><c> is</c>

00:14:10.069 --> 00:14:10.079 align:start position:0%
attachment, through the wall mounting is

00:14:10.079 --> 00:14:12.230 align:start position:0%
attachment, through the wall mounting is
definitely<00:14:10.399><c> the</c><00:14:10.560><c> preferred</c><00:14:10.880><c> method</c><00:14:11.199><c> for</c><00:14:11.360><c> HPR.</c>

00:14:12.230 --> 00:14:12.240 align:start position:0%
definitely the preferred method for HPR.

00:14:12.240 --> 00:14:14.230 align:start position:0%
definitely the preferred method for HPR.
>> Through<00:14:12.480><c> the</c><00:14:12.639><c> wall.</c><00:14:12.959><c> So,</c><00:14:13.120><c> the</c><00:14:13.279><c> fin</c><00:14:13.600><c> tab</c><00:14:13.920><c> goes</c>

00:14:14.230 --> 00:14:14.240 align:start position:0%
>> Through the wall. So, the fin tab goes

00:14:14.240 --> 00:14:16.710 align:start position:0%
>> Through the wall. So, the fin tab goes
through<00:14:14.560><c> a</c><00:14:14.880><c> slot</c><00:14:15.279><c> in</c><00:14:15.519><c> the</c><00:14:15.680><c> body</c><00:14:15.920><c> tube.</c>

00:14:16.710 --> 00:14:16.720 align:start position:0%
through a slot in the body tube.

00:14:16.720 --> 00:14:18.790 align:start position:0%
through a slot in the body tube.
>> Exactly.<00:14:17.279><c> And</c><00:14:17.519><c> it's</c><00:14:17.680><c> usually</c><00:14:18.000><c> epoxied</c><00:14:18.480><c> to</c><00:14:18.639><c> the</c>

00:14:18.790 --> 00:14:18.800 align:start position:0%
>> Exactly. And it's usually epoxied to the

00:14:18.800 --> 00:14:20.870 align:start position:0%
>> Exactly. And it's usually epoxied to the
inside<00:14:19.120><c> of</c><00:14:19.199><c> the</c><00:14:19.360><c> body</c><00:14:19.680><c> tube</c><00:14:20.160><c> and</c><00:14:20.320><c> often</c><00:14:20.639><c> to</c><00:14:20.720><c> the</c>

00:14:20.870 --> 00:14:20.880 align:start position:0%
inside of the body tube and often to the

00:14:20.880 --> 00:14:23.189 align:start position:0%
inside of the body tube and often to the
motor<00:14:21.120><c> mount</c><00:14:21.360><c> tube</c><00:14:21.680><c> as</c><00:14:21.839><c> well.</c><00:14:22.320><c> It's</c><00:14:22.560><c> far</c><00:14:22.880><c> far</c>

00:14:23.189 --> 00:14:23.199 align:start position:0%
motor mount tube as well. It's far far

00:14:23.199 --> 00:14:25.030 align:start position:0%
motor mount tube as well. It's far far
stronger<00:14:23.680><c> than</c><00:14:23.920><c> just</c><00:14:24.160><c> gluing</c><00:14:24.399><c> the</c><00:14:24.560><c> fin</c><00:14:24.720><c> onto</c>

00:14:25.030 --> 00:14:25.040 align:start position:0%
stronger than just gluing the fin onto

00:14:25.040 --> 00:14:26.710 align:start position:0%
stronger than just gluing the fin onto
the<00:14:25.199><c> surface.</c><00:14:25.920><c> It</c><00:14:26.160><c> distributes</c><00:14:26.560><c> the</c>

00:14:26.710 --> 00:14:26.720 align:start position:0%
the surface. It distributes the

00:14:26.720 --> 00:14:28.949 align:start position:0%
the surface. It distributes the
aerodynamic<00:14:27.360><c> loads</c><00:14:28.000><c> much</c><00:14:28.320><c> more</c><00:14:28.480><c> effectively</c>

00:14:28.949 --> 00:14:28.959 align:start position:0%
aerodynamic loads much more effectively

00:14:28.959 --> 00:14:30.230 align:start position:0%
aerodynamic loads much more effectively
through<00:14:29.199><c> the</c><00:14:29.360><c> entire</c><00:14:29.600><c> airframe.</c>

00:14:30.230 --> 00:14:30.240 align:start position:0%
through the entire airframe.

00:14:30.240 --> 00:14:32.150 align:start position:0%
through the entire airframe.
>> Okay.<00:14:30.399><c> a</c><00:14:30.639><c> stronger</c><00:14:30.959><c> fin</c><00:14:31.199><c> attachment.</c><00:14:32.000><c> What</c>

00:14:32.150 --> 00:14:32.160 align:start position:0%
>> Okay. a stronger fin attachment. What

00:14:32.160 --> 00:14:34.150 align:start position:0%
>> Okay. a stronger fin attachment. What
about<00:14:32.320><c> adhesives?</c><00:14:33.360><c> You</c><00:14:33.519><c> mentioned</c><00:14:33.839><c> glue</c>

00:14:34.150 --> 00:14:34.160 align:start position:0%
about adhesives? You mentioned glue

00:14:34.160 --> 00:14:35.430 align:start position:0%
about adhesives? You mentioned glue
choices<00:14:34.639><c> matter.</c>

00:14:35.430 --> 00:14:35.440 align:start position:0%
choices matter.

00:14:35.440 --> 00:14:38.550 align:start position:0%
choices matter.
>> They<00:14:35.680><c> matter</c><00:14:36.079><c> hugely.</c><00:14:37.120><c> Here's</c><00:14:37.360><c> a</c><00:14:37.519><c> big</c><00:14:37.680><c> one.</c>

00:14:38.550 --> 00:14:38.560 align:start position:0%
>> They matter hugely. Here's a big one.

00:14:38.560 --> 00:14:41.430 align:start position:0%
>> They matter hugely. Here's a big one.
Never<00:14:38.959><c> use</c><00:14:39.120><c> cyaninoaculate</c><00:14:40.079><c> glues.</c><00:14:41.279><c> You</c>

00:14:41.430 --> 00:14:41.440 align:start position:0%
Never use cyaninoaculate glues. You

00:14:41.440 --> 00:14:43.990 align:start position:0%
Never use cyaninoaculate glues. You
know,<00:14:41.760><c> super</c><00:14:42.079><c> glue</c><00:14:42.399><c> on</c><00:14:42.639><c> rubber</c><00:14:43.279><c> or</c><00:14:43.519><c> elastic</c>

00:14:43.990 --> 00:14:44.000 align:start position:0%
know, super glue on rubber or elastic

00:14:44.000 --> 00:14:45.189 align:start position:0%
know, super glue on rubber or elastic
shock<00:14:44.320><c> cord</c><00:14:44.560><c> components.</c>

00:14:45.189 --> 00:14:45.199 align:start position:0%
shock cord components.

00:14:45.199 --> 00:14:47.030 align:start position:0%
shock cord components.
>> Why<00:14:45.440><c> not?</c><00:14:45.760><c> It</c><00:14:46.000><c> seems</c><00:14:46.320><c> strong.</c>

00:14:47.030 --> 00:14:47.040 align:start position:0%
>> Why not? It seems strong.

00:14:47.040 --> 00:14:48.870 align:start position:0%
>> Why not? It seems strong.
>> It<00:14:47.360><c> chemically</c><00:14:47.839><c> attacks</c><00:14:48.160><c> the</c><00:14:48.320><c> rubber</c><00:14:48.639><c> or</c>

00:14:48.870 --> 00:14:48.880 align:start position:0%
>> It chemically attacks the rubber or

00:14:48.880 --> 00:14:51.030 align:start position:0%
>> It chemically attacks the rubber or
elastic.<00:14:49.440><c> It</c><00:14:49.600><c> makes</c><00:14:49.760><c> it</c><00:14:49.920><c> brittle,</c><00:14:50.399><c> weak,</c><00:14:50.800><c> and</c>

00:14:51.030 --> 00:14:51.040 align:start position:0%
elastic. It makes it brittle, weak, and

00:14:51.040 --> 00:14:52.629 align:start position:0%
elastic. It makes it brittle, weak, and
it<00:14:51.199><c> will</c><00:14:51.360><c> fail.</c><00:14:51.920><c> Probably</c><00:14:52.240><c> the</c><00:14:52.399><c> worst</c>

00:14:52.629 --> 00:14:52.639 align:start position:0%
it will fail. Probably the worst

00:14:52.639 --> 00:14:54.470 align:start position:0%
it will fail. Probably the worst
possible<00:14:52.959><c> moment</c><00:14:53.600><c> like</c><00:14:53.760><c> during</c><00:14:54.000><c> parachute</c>

00:14:54.470 --> 00:14:54.480 align:start position:0%
possible moment like during parachute

00:14:54.480 --> 00:14:55.110 align:start position:0%
possible moment like during parachute
deployment.

00:14:55.110 --> 00:14:55.120 align:start position:0%
deployment.

00:14:55.120 --> 00:14:57.350 align:start position:0%
deployment.
>> Wow.<00:14:55.440><c> Okay.</c><00:14:55.920><c> No</c><00:14:56.160><c> superglue</c><00:14:56.720><c> on</c><00:14:56.880><c> shock</c><00:14:57.040><c> cords.</c>

00:14:57.350 --> 00:14:57.360 align:start position:0%
>> Wow. Okay. No superglue on shock cords.

00:14:57.360 --> 00:14:58.310 align:start position:0%
>> Wow. Okay. No superglue on shock cords.
What<00:14:57.519><c> should</c><00:14:57.680><c> you</c><00:14:57.839><c> use</c>

00:14:58.310 --> 00:14:58.320 align:start position:0%
What should you use

00:14:58.320 --> 00:14:59.829 align:start position:0%
What should you use
>> for<00:14:58.560><c> things</c><00:14:58.639><c> like</c><00:14:58.800><c> motormount</c><00:14:59.360><c> construction?</c>

00:14:59.829 --> 00:14:59.839 align:start position:0%
>> for things like motormount construction?

00:14:59.839 --> 00:15:01.350 align:start position:0%
>> for things like motormount construction?
Especially<00:15:00.079><c> with</c><00:15:00.320><c> phenolic</c><00:15:00.800><c> tubes</c><00:15:01.040><c> or</c><00:15:01.199><c> where</c>

00:15:01.350 --> 00:15:01.360 align:start position:0%
Especially with phenolic tubes or where

00:15:01.360 --> 00:15:02.710 align:start position:0%
Especially with phenolic tubes or where
you<00:15:01.519><c> might</c><00:15:01.680><c> have</c><00:15:01.839><c> slight</c><00:15:02.079><c> gaps</c><00:15:02.399><c> between</c>

00:15:02.710 --> 00:15:02.720 align:start position:0%
you might have slight gaps between

00:15:02.720 --> 00:15:05.110 align:start position:0%
you might have slight gaps between
centering<00:15:03.120><c> rings</c><00:15:03.360><c> and</c><00:15:03.519><c> the</c><00:15:03.680><c> body</c><00:15:03.920><c> tube.</c><00:15:04.720><c> Slow</c>

00:15:05.110 --> 00:15:05.120 align:start position:0%
centering rings and the body tube. Slow

00:15:05.120 --> 00:15:07.509 align:start position:0%
centering rings and the body tube. Slow
curing<00:15:05.519><c> epoxy</c><00:15:06.000><c> adhesives</c><00:15:06.720><c> are</c><00:15:07.040><c> really</c><00:15:07.279><c> your</c>

00:15:07.509 --> 00:15:07.519 align:start position:0%
curing epoxy adhesives are really your

00:15:07.519 --> 00:15:08.069 align:start position:0%
curing epoxy adhesives are really your
best<00:15:07.680><c> friend.</c>

00:15:08.069 --> 00:15:08.079 align:start position:0%
best friend.

00:15:08.079 --> 00:15:10.069 align:start position:0%
best friend.
>> Slow<00:15:08.399><c> curing,</c><00:15:08.800><c> not</c><00:15:08.959><c> the</c><00:15:09.120><c> 5minute</c><00:15:09.600><c> stuff.</c>

00:15:10.069 --> 00:15:10.079 align:start position:0%
>> Slow curing, not the 5minute stuff.

00:15:10.079 --> 00:15:12.710 align:start position:0%
>> Slow curing, not the 5minute stuff.
>> Preferably<00:15:10.639><c> slow</c><00:15:10.959><c> curing.</c><00:15:11.440><c> Yeah.</c><00:15:12.320><c> It</c><00:15:12.560><c> gives</c>

00:15:12.710 --> 00:15:12.720 align:start position:0%
>> Preferably slow curing. Yeah. It gives

00:15:12.720 --> 00:15:14.710 align:start position:0%
>> Preferably slow curing. Yeah. It gives
you<00:15:12.880><c> more</c><00:15:13.040><c> working</c><00:15:13.360><c> time,</c><00:15:14.000><c> but</c><00:15:14.480><c> more</c>

00:15:14.710 --> 00:15:14.720 align:start position:0%
you more working time, but more

00:15:14.720 --> 00:15:16.870 align:start position:0%
you more working time, but more
importantly,<00:15:15.440><c> it</c><00:15:15.680><c> tends</c><00:15:15.920><c> to</c><00:15:16.000><c> be</c><00:15:16.240><c> stronger</c><00:15:16.560><c> and</c>

00:15:16.870 --> 00:15:16.880 align:start position:0%
importantly, it tends to be stronger and

00:15:16.880 --> 00:15:19.269 align:start position:0%
importantly, it tends to be stronger and
slightly<00:15:17.199><c> less</c><00:15:17.519><c> brittle.</c><00:15:18.399><c> It</c><00:15:18.639><c> flows</c><00:15:18.959><c> nicely</c>

00:15:19.269 --> 00:15:19.279 align:start position:0%
slightly less brittle. It flows nicely

00:15:19.279 --> 00:15:21.110 align:start position:0%
slightly less brittle. It flows nicely
to<00:15:19.519><c> form</c><00:15:19.920><c> strong</c><00:15:20.240><c> fililelets,</c><00:15:20.880><c> those</c>

00:15:21.110 --> 00:15:21.120 align:start position:0%
to form strong fililelets, those

00:15:21.120 --> 00:15:23.350 align:start position:0%
to form strong fililelets, those
triangular<00:15:21.680><c> beads</c><00:15:21.920><c> of</c><00:15:22.079><c> glue</c><00:15:22.320><c> at</c><00:15:22.480><c> the</c><00:15:22.639><c> joints,</c>

00:15:23.350 --> 00:15:23.360 align:start position:0%
triangular beads of glue at the joints,

00:15:23.360 --> 00:15:25.590 align:start position:0%
triangular beads of glue at the joints,
and<00:15:23.519><c> it</c><00:15:23.680><c> bridges</c><00:15:24.160><c> small</c><00:15:24.399><c> gaps</c><00:15:24.880><c> effectively,</c>

00:15:25.590 --> 00:15:25.600 align:start position:0%
and it bridges small gaps effectively,

00:15:25.600 --> 00:15:27.269 align:start position:0%
and it bridges small gaps effectively,
creating<00:15:25.920><c> immense</c><00:15:26.399><c> structural</c><00:15:26.880><c> strength</c>

00:15:27.269 --> 00:15:27.279 align:start position:0%
creating immense structural strength

00:15:27.279 --> 00:15:29.590 align:start position:0%
creating immense structural strength
>> and<00:15:27.440><c> things</c><00:15:27.600><c> to</c><00:15:27.760><c> avoid</c><00:15:28.240><c> besides</c><00:15:28.880><c> superglue</c><00:15:29.360><c> on</c>

00:15:29.590 --> 00:15:29.600 align:start position:0%
>> and things to avoid besides superglue on

00:15:29.600 --> 00:15:30.470 align:start position:0%
>> and things to avoid besides superglue on
rubber.

00:15:30.470 --> 00:15:30.480 align:start position:0%
rubber.

00:15:30.480 --> 00:15:33.110 align:start position:0%
rubber.
>> Definitely<00:15:30.880><c> avoid</c><00:15:31.839><c> hot</c><00:15:32.160><c> melt</c><00:15:32.399><c> adhesives</c><00:15:32.880><c> for</c>

00:15:33.110 --> 00:15:33.120 align:start position:0%
>> Definitely avoid hot melt adhesives for

00:15:33.120 --> 00:15:35.030 align:start position:0%
>> Definitely avoid hot melt adhesives for
anything<00:15:33.519><c> structural,</c><00:15:34.160><c> especially</c><00:15:34.560><c> near</c><00:15:34.880><c> the</c>

00:15:35.030 --> 00:15:35.040 align:start position:0%
anything structural, especially near the

00:15:35.040 --> 00:15:37.189 align:start position:0%
anything structural, especially near the
motor<00:15:35.279><c> mount.</c><00:15:36.000><c> They</c><00:15:36.240><c> weaken</c><00:15:36.639><c> considerably</c>

00:15:37.189 --> 00:15:37.199 align:start position:0%
motor mount. They weaken considerably

00:15:37.199 --> 00:15:38.710 align:start position:0%
motor mount. They weaken considerably
with<00:15:37.360><c> the</c><00:15:37.519><c> heat</c><00:15:37.760><c> generated</c><00:15:38.079><c> by</c><00:15:38.240><c> the</c><00:15:38.399><c> motor</c>

00:15:38.710 --> 00:15:38.720 align:start position:0%
with the heat generated by the motor

00:15:38.720 --> 00:15:41.509 align:start position:0%
with the heat generated by the motor
during<00:15:38.959><c> and</c><00:15:39.199><c> after</c><00:15:39.440><c> firing.</c><00:15:40.639><c> And</c><00:15:40.880><c> while</c><00:15:41.199><c> white</c>

00:15:41.509 --> 00:15:41.519 align:start position:0%
during and after firing. And while white

00:15:41.519 --> 00:15:43.829 align:start position:0%
during and after firing. And while white
Elmer's<00:15:42.079><c> type</c><00:15:42.399><c> glues</c><00:15:42.800><c> are</c><00:15:42.959><c> okay</c><00:15:43.199><c> for</c><00:15:43.360><c> some</c><00:15:43.600><c> low</c>

00:15:43.829 --> 00:15:43.839 align:start position:0%
Elmer's type glues are okay for some low

00:15:43.839 --> 00:15:45.829 align:start position:0%
Elmer's type glues are okay for some low
power<00:15:44.160><c> things,</c><00:15:44.639><c> they</c><00:15:44.880><c> weaken</c><00:15:45.279><c> significantly</c>

00:15:45.829 --> 00:15:45.839 align:start position:0%
power things, they weaken significantly

00:15:45.839 --> 00:15:47.990 align:start position:0%
power things, they weaken significantly
in<00:15:46.079><c> humid</c><00:15:46.320><c> or</c><00:15:46.480><c> wet</c><00:15:46.800><c> conditions.</c><00:15:47.440><c> So</c><00:15:47.680><c> generally</c>

00:15:47.990 --> 00:15:48.000 align:start position:0%
in humid or wet conditions. So generally

00:15:48.000 --> 00:15:50.870 align:start position:0%
in humid or wet conditions. So generally
avoid<00:15:48.320><c> them</c><00:15:48.480><c> for</c><00:15:48.720><c> HPR.</c><00:15:49.920><c> Alifhatic</c><00:15:50.560><c> resin</c>

00:15:50.870 --> 00:15:50.880 align:start position:0%
avoid them for HPR. Alifhatic resin

00:15:50.880 --> 00:15:53.030 align:start position:0%
avoid them for HPR. Alifhatic resin
glues<00:15:51.279><c> like</c><00:15:51.519><c> yellowwood</c><00:15:52.079><c> glue</c><00:15:52.399><c> are</c><00:15:52.720><c> better</c>

00:15:53.030 --> 00:15:53.040 align:start position:0%
glues like yellowwood glue are better

00:15:53.040 --> 00:15:55.430 align:start position:0%
glues like yellowwood glue are better
alternatives<00:15:53.600><c> if</c><00:15:53.839><c> you're</c><00:15:54.000><c> not</c><00:15:54.160><c> using</c><00:15:54.320><c> epoxy.</c>

00:15:55.430 --> 00:15:55.440 align:start position:0%
alternatives if you're not using epoxy.

00:15:55.440 --> 00:15:57.189 align:start position:0%
alternatives if you're not using epoxy.
>> Fascinating.<00:15:55.920><c> So</c><00:15:56.079><c> even</c><00:15:56.320><c> the</c><00:15:56.560><c> choice</c><00:15:56.720><c> of</c><00:15:56.880><c> glue</c>

00:15:57.189 --> 00:15:57.199 align:start position:0%
>> Fascinating. So even the choice of glue

00:15:57.199 --> 00:15:58.870 align:start position:0%
>> Fascinating. So even the choice of glue
has<00:15:57.360><c> this</c><00:15:57.519><c> whole</c><00:15:57.759><c> science</c><00:15:58.160><c> behind</c><00:15:58.480><c> it</c><00:15:58.639><c> for</c>

00:15:58.870 --> 00:15:58.880 align:start position:0%
has this whole science behind it for

00:15:58.880 --> 00:16:01.189 align:start position:0%
has this whole science behind it for
rocketry.<00:15:59.920><c> You</c><00:16:00.079><c> also</c><00:16:00.320><c> mentioned</c><00:16:00.639><c> earlier</c><00:16:00.959><c> a</c>

00:16:01.189 --> 00:16:01.199 align:start position:0%
rocketry. You also mentioned earlier a

00:16:01.199 --> 00:16:02.870 align:start position:0%
rocketry. You also mentioned earlier a
tiny<00:16:01.440><c> vent</c><00:16:01.680><c> hole</c><00:16:02.000><c> saving</c><00:16:02.240><c> a</c><00:16:02.399><c> flight.</c><00:16:02.720><c> What's</c>

00:16:02.870 --> 00:16:02.880 align:start position:0%
tiny vent hole saving a flight. What's

00:16:02.880 --> 00:16:03.829 align:start position:0%
tiny vent hole saving a flight. What's
the<00:16:03.040><c> deal</c><00:16:03.199><c> with</c><00:16:03.279><c> that?</c><00:16:03.600><c> Sounds</c>

00:16:03.829 --> 00:16:03.839 align:start position:0%
the deal with that? Sounds

00:16:03.839 --> 00:16:04.470 align:start position:0%
the deal with that? Sounds
counterintuitive.

00:16:04.470 --> 00:16:04.480 align:start position:0%
counterintuitive.

00:16:04.480 --> 00:16:06.150 align:start position:0%
counterintuitive.
>> It<00:16:04.720><c> does</c><00:16:04.800><c> seem</c><00:16:04.959><c> odd</c><00:16:05.279><c> drilling</c><00:16:05.600><c> a</c><00:16:05.680><c> hole</c><00:16:05.839><c> in</c><00:16:06.000><c> your</c>

00:16:06.150 --> 00:16:06.160 align:start position:0%
>> It does seem odd drilling a hole in your

00:16:06.160 --> 00:16:08.389 align:start position:0%
>> It does seem odd drilling a hole in your
nice<00:16:06.399><c> sealed</c><00:16:06.800><c> rocket,</c><00:16:07.519><c> but</c><00:16:07.680><c> it's</c><00:16:07.920><c> a</c><00:16:08.079><c> subtle</c>

00:16:08.389 --> 00:16:08.399 align:start position:0%
nice sealed rocket, but it's a subtle

00:16:08.399 --> 00:16:10.710 align:start position:0%
nice sealed rocket, but it's a subtle
but<00:16:08.720><c> critical</c><00:16:09.120><c> piece</c><00:16:09.360><c> of</c><00:16:09.519><c> engineering.</c><00:16:10.480><c> A</c>

00:16:10.710 --> 00:16:10.720 align:start position:0%
but critical piece of engineering. A

00:16:10.720 --> 00:16:12.790 align:start position:0%
but critical piece of engineering. A
small<00:16:11.040><c> hole,</c><00:16:11.600><c> usually</c><00:16:12.000><c> near</c><00:16:12.240><c> the</c><00:16:12.399><c> top</c><00:16:12.560><c> of</c><00:16:12.639><c> the</c>

00:16:12.790 --> 00:16:12.800 align:start position:0%
small hole, usually near the top of the

00:16:12.800 --> 00:16:15.110 align:start position:0%
small hole, usually near the top of the
main<00:16:13.120><c> body</c><00:16:13.440><c> tube</c><00:16:13.680><c> or</c><00:16:13.920><c> booster</c><00:16:14.320><c> section,</c><00:16:14.959><c> is</c>

00:16:15.110 --> 00:16:15.120 align:start position:0%
main body tube or booster section, is

00:16:15.120 --> 00:16:17.509 align:start position:0%
main body tube or booster section, is
typically<00:16:15.519><c> recommended</c><00:16:16.320><c> to</c><00:16:16.560><c> vent</c><00:16:16.959><c> internal</c>

00:16:17.509 --> 00:16:17.519 align:start position:0%
typically recommended to vent internal

00:16:17.519 --> 00:16:19.350 align:start position:0%
typically recommended to vent internal
air<00:16:17.759><c> pressure</c><00:16:18.320><c> as</c><00:16:18.480><c> the</c><00:16:18.720><c> rocket</c><00:16:18.959><c> gains</c>

00:16:19.350 --> 00:16:19.360 align:start position:0%
air pressure as the rocket gains

00:16:19.360 --> 00:16:22.230 align:start position:0%
air pressure as the rocket gains
altitude.<00:16:20.639><c> Remember,</c><00:16:20.959><c> as</c><00:16:21.199><c> you</c><00:16:21.360><c> go</c><00:16:21.519><c> up,</c><00:16:22.000><c> the</c>

00:16:22.230 --> 00:16:22.240 align:start position:0%
altitude. Remember, as you go up, the

00:16:22.240 --> 00:16:23.749 align:start position:0%
altitude. Remember, as you go up, the
outside<00:16:22.639><c> air</c><00:16:22.959><c> pressure</c><00:16:23.279><c> drops</c>

00:16:23.749 --> 00:16:23.759 align:start position:0%
outside air pressure drops

00:16:23.759 --> 00:16:25.910 align:start position:0%
outside air pressure drops
significantly,<00:16:24.880><c> but</c><00:16:25.199><c> the</c><00:16:25.360><c> air</c><00:16:25.600><c> trapped</c>

00:16:25.910 --> 00:16:25.920 align:start position:0%
significantly, but the air trapped

00:16:25.920 --> 00:16:28.310 align:start position:0%
significantly, but the air trapped
inside<00:16:26.160><c> your</c><00:16:26.399><c> rocket</c><00:16:26.800><c> body</c><00:16:27.040><c> tube</c><00:16:27.600><c> is</c><00:16:27.839><c> still</c><00:16:28.079><c> at</c>

00:16:28.310 --> 00:16:28.320 align:start position:0%
inside your rocket body tube is still at

00:16:28.320 --> 00:16:30.790 align:start position:0%
inside your rocket body tube is still at
ground<00:16:28.560><c> level</c><00:16:28.880><c> pressure</c><00:16:29.360><c> or</c><00:16:29.680><c> close</c><00:16:30.000><c> to</c><00:16:30.160><c> it.</c>

00:16:30.790 --> 00:16:30.800 align:start position:0%
ground level pressure or close to it.

00:16:30.800 --> 00:16:32.310 align:start position:0%
ground level pressure or close to it.
>> Ah,<00:16:31.120><c> so</c><00:16:31.279><c> the</c><00:16:31.440><c> pressure</c><00:16:31.680><c> difference</c><00:16:32.000><c> builds</c>

00:16:32.310 --> 00:16:32.320 align:start position:0%
>> Ah, so the pressure difference builds

00:16:32.320 --> 00:16:32.710 align:start position:0%
>> Ah, so the pressure difference builds
up.

00:16:32.710 --> 00:16:32.720 align:start position:0%
up.

00:16:32.720 --> 00:16:34.790 align:start position:0%
up.
>> Exactly.<00:16:33.279><c> That</c><00:16:33.600><c> pressure</c><00:16:33.920><c> difference</c><00:16:34.320><c> pushes</c>

00:16:34.790 --> 00:16:34.800 align:start position:0%
>> Exactly. That pressure difference pushes

00:16:34.800 --> 00:16:36.870 align:start position:0%
>> Exactly. That pressure difference pushes
outwards<00:16:35.279><c> on</c><00:16:35.440><c> the</c><00:16:35.600><c> nose</c><00:16:35.920><c> cone</c><00:16:36.240><c> or</c><00:16:36.399><c> payload</c>

00:16:36.870 --> 00:16:36.880 align:start position:0%
outwards on the nose cone or payload

00:16:36.880 --> 00:16:38.790 align:start position:0%
outwards on the nose cone or payload
section.<00:16:37.519><c> If</c><00:16:37.680><c> it</c><00:16:37.839><c> gets</c><00:16:38.000><c> high</c><00:16:38.160><c> enough,</c><00:16:38.480><c> it</c><00:16:38.639><c> can</c>

00:16:38.790 --> 00:16:38.800 align:start position:0%
section. If it gets high enough, it can

00:16:38.800 --> 00:16:40.069 align:start position:0%
section. If it gets high enough, it can
actually<00:16:39.040><c> pop</c><00:16:39.199><c> the</c><00:16:39.360><c> nose</c><00:16:39.680><c> cone</c><00:16:39.920><c> off</c>

00:16:40.069 --> 00:16:40.079 align:start position:0%
actually pop the nose cone off

00:16:40.079 --> 00:16:42.230 align:start position:0%
actually pop the nose cone off
prematurely,<00:16:41.120><c> long</c><00:16:41.360><c> before</c><00:16:41.600><c> the</c><00:16:41.839><c> ejection</c>

00:16:42.230 --> 00:16:42.240 align:start position:0%
prematurely, long before the ejection

00:16:42.240 --> 00:16:43.509 align:start position:0%
prematurely, long before the ejection
charge<00:16:42.560><c> is</c><00:16:42.720><c> supposed</c><00:16:42.880><c> to</c><00:16:43.120><c> fire.</c>

00:16:43.509 --> 00:16:43.519 align:start position:0%
charge is supposed to fire.

00:16:43.519 --> 00:16:43.990 align:start position:0%
charge is supposed to fire.
>> Yeah.

00:16:43.990 --> 00:16:44.000 align:start position:0%
>> Yeah.

00:16:44.000 --> 00:16:45.590 align:start position:0%
>> Yeah.
>> That<00:16:44.240><c> leads</c><00:16:44.480><c> to</c><00:16:44.639><c> all</c><00:16:44.800><c> sorts</c><00:16:45.040><c> of</c><00:16:45.199><c> recovery</c>

00:16:45.590 --> 00:16:45.600 align:start position:0%
>> That leads to all sorts of recovery

00:16:45.600 --> 00:16:46.150 align:start position:0%
>> That leads to all sorts of recovery
problems.

00:16:46.150 --> 00:16:46.160 align:start position:0%
problems.

00:16:46.160 --> 00:16:47.910 align:start position:0%
problems.
>> Like<00:16:46.320><c> the</c><00:16:46.480><c> parachute</c><00:16:46.959><c> coming</c><00:16:47.199><c> out</c><00:16:47.440><c> way</c><00:16:47.680><c> too</c>

00:16:47.910 --> 00:16:47.920 align:start position:0%
>> Like the parachute coming out way too

00:16:47.920 --> 00:16:49.110 align:start position:0%
>> Like the parachute coming out way too
early,<00:16:48.160><c> maybe</c><00:16:48.399><c> while</c><00:16:48.560><c> it's</c><00:16:48.800><c> still</c><00:16:48.959><c> going</c>

00:16:49.110 --> 00:16:49.120 align:start position:0%
early, maybe while it's still going

00:16:49.120 --> 00:16:49.590 align:start position:0%
early, maybe while it's still going
fast.

00:16:49.590 --> 00:16:49.600 align:start position:0%
fast.

00:16:49.600 --> 00:16:52.310 align:start position:0%
fast.
>> Precisely.<00:16:50.399><c> That</c><00:16:50.720><c> tiny</c><00:16:51.120><c> vent</c><00:16:51.440><c> hole</c><00:16:52.000><c> allows</c>

00:16:52.310 --> 00:16:52.320 align:start position:0%
>> Precisely. That tiny vent hole allows

00:16:52.320 --> 00:16:54.150 align:start position:0%
>> Precisely. That tiny vent hole allows
the<00:16:52.560><c> internal</c><00:16:52.959><c> pressure</c><00:16:53.279><c> to</c><00:16:53.519><c> equalize</c><00:16:54.000><c> with</c>

00:16:54.150 --> 00:16:54.160 align:start position:0%
the internal pressure to equalize with

00:16:54.160 --> 00:16:55.910 align:start position:0%
the internal pressure to equalize with
the<00:16:54.320><c> ambient</c><00:16:54.800><c> external</c><00:16:55.279><c> pressure</c><00:16:55.519><c> as</c><00:16:55.759><c> it</c>

00:16:55.910 --> 00:16:55.920 align:start position:0%
the ambient external pressure as it

00:16:55.920 --> 00:16:57.829 align:start position:0%
the ambient external pressure as it
climbs,<00:16:56.639><c> preventing</c><00:16:57.040><c> that</c><00:16:57.279><c> unwanted</c>

00:16:57.829 --> 00:16:57.839 align:start position:0%
climbs, preventing that unwanted

00:16:57.839 --> 00:16:58.629 align:start position:0%
climbs, preventing that unwanted
separation.

00:16:58.629 --> 00:16:58.639 align:start position:0%
separation.

00:16:58.639 --> 00:17:00.389 align:start position:0%
separation.
>> Clever.<00:16:59.279><c> Okay,</c><00:16:59.600><c> one</c><00:16:59.839><c> more</c><00:17:00.000><c> construction</c>

00:17:00.389 --> 00:17:00.399 align:start position:0%
>> Clever. Okay, one more construction

00:17:00.399 --> 00:17:01.990 align:start position:0%
>> Clever. Okay, one more construction
thing.<00:17:00.720><c> Clustering</c><00:17:01.199><c> motors.</c><00:17:01.600><c> You</c><00:17:01.759><c> mentioned</c>

00:17:01.990 --> 00:17:02.000 align:start position:0%
thing. Clustering motors. You mentioned

00:17:02.000 --> 00:17:03.829 align:start position:0%
thing. Clustering motors. You mentioned
wiring<00:17:02.399><c> them</c><00:17:02.480><c> in</c><00:17:02.720><c> parallel.</c><00:17:03.279><c> What</c><00:17:03.519><c> if</c><00:17:03.680><c> you're</c>

00:17:03.829 --> 00:17:03.839 align:start position:0%
wiring them in parallel. What if you're

00:17:03.839 --> 00:17:06.390 align:start position:0%
wiring them in parallel. What if you're
mixing<00:17:04.079><c> types,</c><00:17:04.480><c> say</c><00:17:04.799><c> a</c><00:17:05.039><c> fast</c><00:17:05.439><c> burning</c><00:17:06.079><c> black</c>

00:17:06.390 --> 00:17:06.400 align:start position:0%
mixing types, say a fast burning black

00:17:06.400 --> 00:17:08.789 align:start position:0%
mixing types, say a fast burning black
powder<00:17:06.880><c> motor</c><00:17:07.439><c> with</c><00:17:07.600><c> a</c><00:17:07.839><c> slower</c><00:17:08.400><c> igniting</c>

00:17:08.789 --> 00:17:08.799 align:start position:0%
powder motor with a slower igniting

00:17:08.799 --> 00:17:10.789 align:start position:0%
powder motor with a slower igniting
composite<00:17:09.280><c> motor</c><00:17:09.600><c> in</c><00:17:09.839><c> the</c><00:17:10.000><c> same</c><00:17:10.240><c> cluster?</c><00:17:10.640><c> Is</c>

00:17:10.789 --> 00:17:10.799 align:start position:0%
composite motor in the same cluster? Is

00:17:10.799 --> 00:17:12.870 align:start position:0%
composite motor in the same cluster? Is
there<00:17:10.959><c> a</c><00:17:11.120><c> specific</c><00:17:11.600><c> ignition</c><00:17:12.000><c> order?</c><00:17:12.640><c> There</c>

00:17:12.870 --> 00:17:12.880 align:start position:0%
there a specific ignition order? There

00:17:12.880 --> 00:17:14.789 align:start position:0%
there a specific ignition order? There
is,<00:17:13.120><c> and</c><00:17:13.439><c> it's</c><00:17:13.679><c> based</c><00:17:13.919><c> on</c><00:17:14.079><c> those</c><00:17:14.400><c> different</c>

00:17:14.789 --> 00:17:14.799 align:start position:0%
is, and it's based on those different

00:17:14.799 --> 00:17:16.870 align:start position:0%
is, and it's based on those different
ignition<00:17:15.199><c> characteristics.</c>

00:17:16.870 --> 00:17:16.880 align:start position:0%
ignition characteristics.

00:17:16.880 --> 00:17:19.029 align:start position:0%
ignition characteristics.
When<00:17:17.199><c> mixing</c><00:17:17.679><c> composite</c><00:17:18.160><c> and</c><00:17:18.400><c> black</c><00:17:18.720><c> powder</c>

00:17:19.029 --> 00:17:19.039 align:start position:0%
When mixing composite and black powder

00:17:19.039 --> 00:17:21.189 align:start position:0%
When mixing composite and black powder
motors<00:17:19.360><c> in</c><00:17:19.520><c> a</c><00:17:19.679><c> cluster,</c><00:17:20.559><c> the</c><00:17:20.880><c> general</c>

00:17:21.189 --> 00:17:21.199 align:start position:0%
motors in a cluster, the general

00:17:21.199 --> 00:17:22.789 align:start position:0%
motors in a cluster, the general
recommendation<00:17:21.839><c> is</c><00:17:22.000><c> that</c><00:17:22.240><c> the</c><00:17:22.400><c> composite</c>

00:17:22.789 --> 00:17:22.799 align:start position:0%
recommendation is that the composite

00:17:22.799 --> 00:17:24.789 align:start position:0%
recommendation is that the composite
motors<00:17:23.199><c> should</c><00:17:23.360><c> be</c><00:17:23.600><c> ignited</c><00:17:24.000><c> first.</c>

00:17:24.789 --> 00:17:24.799 align:start position:0%
motors should be ignited first.

00:17:24.799 --> 00:17:27.029 align:start position:0%
motors should be ignited first.
>> Ignite<00:17:25.120><c> the</c><00:17:25.280><c> composits</c><00:17:25.919><c> first.</c><00:17:26.400><c> Why?</c><00:17:26.720><c> because</c>

00:17:27.029 --> 00:17:27.039 align:start position:0%
>> Ignite the composits first. Why? because

00:17:27.039 --> 00:17:29.430 align:start position:0%
>> Ignite the composits first. Why? because
they<00:17:27.280><c> tend</c><00:17:27.439><c> to</c><00:17:27.600><c> take</c><00:17:27.839><c> just</c><00:17:28.240><c> slightly</c><00:17:28.799><c> longer</c>

00:17:29.430 --> 00:17:29.440 align:start position:0%
they tend to take just slightly longer

00:17:29.440 --> 00:17:31.909 align:start position:0%
they tend to take just slightly longer
to<00:17:29.679><c> come</c><00:17:29.840><c> up</c><00:17:30.000><c> to</c><00:17:30.240><c> full</c><00:17:30.480><c> pressure</c><00:17:30.799><c> and</c><00:17:31.039><c> thrust</c>

00:17:31.909 --> 00:17:31.919 align:start position:0%
to come up to full pressure and thrust

00:17:31.919 --> 00:17:34.070 align:start position:0%
to come up to full pressure and thrust
compared<00:17:32.240><c> to</c><00:17:32.400><c> black</c><00:17:32.640><c> powder</c><00:17:33.039><c> motors</c><00:17:33.679><c> which</c>

00:17:34.070 --> 00:17:34.080 align:start position:0%
compared to black powder motors which

00:17:34.080 --> 00:17:36.789 align:start position:0%
compared to black powder motors which
ignite<00:17:34.480><c> almost</c><00:17:34.799><c> instantly.</c><00:17:36.080><c> By</c><00:17:36.320><c> sequencing</c>

00:17:36.789 --> 00:17:36.799 align:start position:0%
ignite almost instantly. By sequencing

00:17:36.799 --> 00:17:38.950 align:start position:0%
ignite almost instantly. By sequencing
the<00:17:37.120><c> ignition</c><00:17:37.600><c> so</c><00:17:37.840><c> the</c><00:17:38.000><c> composits</c><00:17:38.480><c> get</c><00:17:38.720><c> power</c>

00:17:38.950 --> 00:17:38.960 align:start position:0%
the ignition so the composits get power

00:17:38.960 --> 00:17:40.950 align:start position:0%
the ignition so the composits get power
a<00:17:39.120><c> fraction</c><00:17:39.440><c> of</c><00:17:39.520><c> a</c><00:17:39.760><c> second</c><00:17:40.000><c> earlier</c><00:17:40.720><c> or</c>

00:17:40.950 --> 00:17:40.960 align:start position:0%
a fraction of a second earlier or

00:17:40.960 --> 00:17:42.310 align:start position:0%
a fraction of a second earlier or
ensuring<00:17:41.360><c> they</c><00:17:41.600><c> both</c><00:17:41.760><c> get</c><00:17:42.000><c> power</c>

00:17:42.310 --> 00:17:42.320 align:start position:0%
ensuring they both get power

00:17:42.320 --> 00:17:44.789 align:start position:0%
ensuring they both get power
simultaneously<00:17:43.120><c> with</c><00:17:43.280><c> a</c><00:17:43.360><c> robust</c><00:17:43.840><c> system,</c><00:17:44.559><c> you</c>

00:17:44.789 --> 00:17:44.799 align:start position:0%
simultaneously with a robust system, you

00:17:44.799 --> 00:17:46.789 align:start position:0%
simultaneously with a robust system, you
help<00:17:44.960><c> ensure</c><00:17:45.440><c> all</c><00:17:45.679><c> motors</c><00:17:46.080><c> are</c><00:17:46.320><c> producing</c>

00:17:46.789 --> 00:17:46.799 align:start position:0%
help ensure all motors are producing

00:17:46.799 --> 00:17:49.029 align:start position:0%
help ensure all motors are producing
significant<00:17:47.360><c> thrust</c><00:17:48.080><c> right</c><00:17:48.320><c> as</c><00:17:48.480><c> the</c><00:17:48.720><c> rocket</c>

00:17:49.029 --> 00:17:49.039 align:start position:0%
significant thrust right as the rocket

00:17:49.039 --> 00:17:50.390 align:start position:0%
significant thrust right as the rocket
begins<00:17:49.280><c> to</c><00:17:49.360><c> lift</c><00:17:49.600><c> off</c><00:17:49.760><c> the</c><00:17:49.919><c> pad.</c>

00:17:50.390 --> 00:17:50.400 align:start position:0%
begins to lift off the pad.

00:17:50.400 --> 00:17:52.070 align:start position:0%
begins to lift off the pad.
>> So<00:17:50.559><c> you</c><00:17:50.720><c> avoid</c><00:17:50.960><c> it</c><00:17:51.120><c> sort</c><00:17:51.280><c> of</c><00:17:51.360><c> limping</c><00:17:51.760><c> off</c><00:17:51.919><c> the</c>

00:17:52.070 --> 00:17:52.080 align:start position:0%
>> So you avoid it sort of limping off the

00:17:52.080 --> 00:17:53.990 align:start position:0%
>> So you avoid it sort of limping off the
pad<00:17:52.480><c> underpowered</c><00:17:53.120><c> on</c><00:17:53.360><c> just</c><00:17:53.600><c> the</c><00:17:53.760><c> black</c>

00:17:53.990 --> 00:17:54.000 align:start position:0%
pad underpowered on just the black

00:17:54.000 --> 00:17:54.710 align:start position:0%
pad underpowered on just the black
powder<00:17:54.320><c> motor.</c>

00:17:54.710 --> 00:17:54.720 align:start position:0%
powder motor.

00:17:54.720 --> 00:17:56.789 align:start position:0%
powder motor.
>> Exactly.<00:17:55.120><c> It</c><00:17:55.360><c> prevents</c><00:17:55.600><c> an</c><00:17:55.840><c> underpowered</c><00:17:56.480><c> or</c>

00:17:56.789 --> 00:17:56.799 align:start position:0%
>> Exactly. It prevents an underpowered or

00:17:56.799 --> 00:17:59.510 align:start position:0%
>> Exactly. It prevents an underpowered or
potentially<00:17:57.360><c> unstable</c><00:17:58.000><c> off-kilter</c><00:17:58.640><c> launch.</c>

00:17:59.510 --> 00:17:59.520 align:start position:0%
potentially unstable off-kilter launch.

00:17:59.520 --> 00:18:01.190 align:start position:0%
potentially unstable off-kilter launch.
You<00:17:59.679><c> want</c><00:17:59.919><c> all</c><00:18:00.240><c> engines</c><00:18:00.640><c> contributing</c>

00:18:01.190 --> 00:18:01.200 align:start position:0%
You want all engines contributing

00:18:01.200 --> 00:18:02.630 align:start position:0%
You want all engines contributing
properly<00:18:01.600><c> from</c><00:18:01.840><c> the</c><00:18:01.919><c> get-go.</c>

00:18:02.630 --> 00:18:02.640 align:start position:0%
properly from the get-go.

00:18:02.640 --> 00:18:04.390 align:start position:0%
properly from the get-go.
>> So<00:18:02.880><c> much</c><00:18:03.039><c> to</c><00:18:03.200><c> consider</c><00:18:03.520><c> before</c><00:18:03.840><c> you</c><00:18:04.000><c> even</c><00:18:04.240><c> push</c>

00:18:04.390 --> 00:18:04.400 align:start position:0%
>> So much to consider before you even push

00:18:04.400 --> 00:18:07.110 align:start position:0%
>> So much to consider before you even push
the<00:18:04.559><c> button.</c><00:18:05.200><c> But</c><00:18:05.360><c> what</c><00:18:05.679><c> happens</c><00:18:06.000><c> when</c><00:18:06.400><c> things</c>

00:18:07.110 --> 00:18:07.120 align:start position:0%
the button. But what happens when things

00:18:07.120 --> 00:18:08.870 align:start position:0%
the button. But what happens when things
don't<00:18:07.440><c> go</c><00:18:07.679><c> as</c><00:18:07.919><c> planned</c><00:18:08.160><c> during</c><00:18:08.400><c> the</c><00:18:08.559><c> flight?</c>

00:18:08.870 --> 00:18:08.880 align:start position:0%
don't go as planned during the flight?

00:18:08.880 --> 00:18:10.390 align:start position:0%
don't go as planned during the flight?
Or<00:18:09.039><c> maybe</c><00:18:09.200><c> there's</c><00:18:09.440><c> a</c><00:18:09.600><c> safety</c><00:18:09.919><c> concern</c>

00:18:10.390 --> 00:18:10.400 align:start position:0%
Or maybe there's a safety concern

00:18:10.400 --> 00:18:12.870 align:start position:0%
Or maybe there's a safety concern
spotted<00:18:10.799><c> beforehand?</c><00:18:11.760><c> Who</c><00:18:12.000><c> has</c><00:18:12.160><c> the</c><00:18:12.480><c> ultimate</c>

00:18:12.870 --> 00:18:12.880 align:start position:0%
spotted beforehand? Who has the ultimate

00:18:12.880 --> 00:18:14.150 align:start position:0%
spotted beforehand? Who has the ultimate
authority<00:18:13.280><c> on</c><00:18:13.520><c> the</c><00:18:13.679><c> field?</c>

00:18:14.150 --> 00:18:14.160 align:start position:0%
authority on the field?

00:18:14.160 --> 00:18:17.270 align:start position:0%
authority on the field?
>> That's<00:18:14.320><c> the</c><00:18:14.480><c> range</c><00:18:14.880><c> safety</c><00:18:15.200><c> officer</c><00:18:15.919><c> or</c><00:18:16.160><c> RSO.</c>

00:18:17.270 --> 00:18:17.280 align:start position:0%
>> That's the range safety officer or RSO.

00:18:17.280 --> 00:18:19.029 align:start position:0%
>> That's the range safety officer or RSO.
They<00:18:17.520><c> are</c><00:18:17.679><c> the</c><00:18:17.840><c> designated</c><00:18:18.320><c> safety</c><00:18:18.720><c> official</c>

00:18:19.029 --> 00:18:19.039 align:start position:0%
They are the designated safety official

00:18:19.039 --> 00:18:21.350 align:start position:0%
They are the designated safety official
for<00:18:19.200><c> the</c><00:18:19.440><c> launch</c><00:18:20.160><c> and</c><00:18:20.480><c> their</c><00:18:20.720><c> decision</c><00:18:21.200><c> if</c>

00:18:21.350 --> 00:18:21.360 align:start position:0%
for the launch and their decision if

00:18:21.360 --> 00:18:23.590 align:start position:0%
for the launch and their decision if
they<00:18:21.520><c> deem</c><00:18:21.760><c> a</c><00:18:21.919><c> rocket</c><00:18:22.320><c> unsafe</c><00:18:22.720><c> to</c><00:18:22.960><c> fly</c><00:18:23.200><c> for</c><00:18:23.360><c> any</c>

00:18:23.590 --> 00:18:23.600 align:start position:0%
they deem a rocket unsafe to fly for any

00:18:23.600 --> 00:18:25.990 align:start position:0%
they deem a rocket unsafe to fly for any
reason<00:18:24.480><c> cannot</c><00:18:24.880><c> be</c><00:18:25.039><c> overturned</c><00:18:25.520><c> by</c><00:18:25.679><c> anyone.</c>

00:18:25.990 --> 00:18:26.000 align:start position:0%
reason cannot be overturned by anyone.

00:18:26.000 --> 00:18:27.510 align:start position:0%
reason cannot be overturned by anyone.
Not<00:18:26.160><c> the</c><00:18:26.320><c> rocketeer,</c><00:18:26.880><c> not</c><00:18:27.039><c> the</c><00:18:27.200><c> club</c>

00:18:27.510 --> 00:18:27.520 align:start position:0%
Not the rocketeer, not the club

00:18:27.520 --> 00:18:28.789 align:start position:0%
Not the rocketeer, not the club
president,<00:18:28.160><c> nobody.</c>

00:18:28.789 --> 00:18:28.799 align:start position:0%
president, nobody.

00:18:28.799 --> 00:18:31.110 align:start position:0%
president, nobody.
>> Their<00:18:29.039><c> word</c><00:18:29.280><c> is</c><00:18:29.520><c> final.</c><00:18:30.240><c> Full</c><00:18:30.559><c> stop.</c>

00:18:31.110 --> 00:18:31.120 align:start position:0%
>> Their word is final. Full stop.

00:18:31.120 --> 00:18:33.909 align:start position:0%
>> Their word is final. Full stop.
>> Their<00:18:31.280><c> word</c><00:18:31.520><c> is</c><00:18:31.760><c> final.</c><00:18:32.640><c> It's</c><00:18:32.880><c> a</c><00:18:33.120><c> crucial</c><00:18:33.440><c> role</c>

00:18:33.909 --> 00:18:33.919 align:start position:0%
>> Their word is final. It's a crucial role

00:18:33.919 --> 00:18:35.510 align:start position:0%
>> Their word is final. It's a crucial role
designed<00:18:34.240><c> to</c><00:18:34.400><c> protect</c><00:18:34.799><c> everyone</c><00:18:35.200><c> at</c><00:18:35.360><c> the</c>

00:18:35.510 --> 00:18:35.520 align:start position:0%
designed to protect everyone at the

00:18:35.520 --> 00:18:37.990 align:start position:0%
designed to protect everyone at the
launch<00:18:35.760><c> event.</c><00:18:36.880><c> However,</c><00:18:37.440><c> it's</c><00:18:37.760><c> also</c>

00:18:37.990 --> 00:18:38.000 align:start position:0%
launch event. However, it's also

00:18:38.000 --> 00:18:39.510 align:start position:0%
launch event. However, it's also
critical<00:18:38.320><c> to</c><00:18:38.559><c> remember</c><00:18:38.799><c> that</c><00:18:38.960><c> the</c><00:18:39.200><c> rocket</c>

00:18:39.510 --> 00:18:39.520 align:start position:0%
critical to remember that the rocket

00:18:39.520 --> 00:18:41.510 align:start position:0%
critical to remember that the rocket
owner<00:18:39.840><c> or</c><00:18:40.080><c> builder</c><00:18:40.720><c> have</c><00:18:40.880><c> the</c><00:18:41.200><c> ultimate</c>

00:18:41.510 --> 00:18:41.520 align:start position:0%
owner or builder have the ultimate

00:18:41.520 --> 00:18:43.350 align:start position:0%
owner or builder have the ultimate
responsibility<00:18:42.240><c> to</c><00:18:42.480><c> ensure</c><00:18:42.799><c> their</c><00:18:43.039><c> rocket</c>

00:18:43.350 --> 00:18:43.360 align:start position:0%
responsibility to ensure their rocket

00:18:43.360 --> 00:18:45.750 align:start position:0%
responsibility to ensure their rocket
was<00:18:43.600><c> actually</c><00:18:43.840><c> built</c><00:18:44.160><c> in</c><00:18:44.320><c> a</c><00:18:44.480><c> safe</c><00:18:44.799><c> manner.</c><00:18:45.520><c> The</c>

00:18:45.750 --> 00:18:45.760 align:start position:0%
was actually built in a safe manner. The

00:18:45.760 --> 00:18:47.990 align:start position:0%
was actually built in a safe manner. The
RSO<00:18:46.160><c> inspects.</c><00:18:47.039><c> They</c><00:18:47.280><c> look</c><00:18:47.440><c> for</c><00:18:47.600><c> obvious</c>

00:18:47.990 --> 00:18:48.000 align:start position:0%
RSO inspects. They look for obvious

00:18:48.000 --> 00:18:50.310 align:start position:0%
RSO inspects. They look for obvious
issues,<00:18:48.799><c> but</c><00:18:49.039><c> they</c><00:18:49.280><c> can't</c><00:18:49.440><c> know</c><00:18:49.679><c> every</c><00:18:50.000><c> detail</c>

00:18:50.310 --> 00:18:50.320 align:start position:0%
issues, but they can't know every detail

00:18:50.320 --> 00:18:52.390 align:start position:0%
issues, but they can't know every detail
of<00:18:50.400><c> the</c><00:18:50.640><c> construction.</c><00:18:51.679><c> The</c><00:18:51.840><c> builder</c><00:18:52.160><c> is</c>

00:18:52.390 --> 00:18:52.400 align:start position:0%
of the construction. The builder is

00:18:52.400 --> 00:18:53.990 align:start position:0%
of the construction. The builder is
accountable<00:18:52.799><c> for</c><00:18:52.960><c> their</c><00:18:53.120><c> craftsmanship.</c>

00:18:53.990 --> 00:18:54.000 align:start position:0%
accountable for their craftsmanship.

00:18:54.000 --> 00:18:55.510 align:start position:0%
accountable for their craftsmanship.
>> That's<00:18:54.160><c> a</c><00:18:54.400><c> really</c><00:18:54.559><c> important</c><00:18:54.880><c> distinction.</c>

00:18:55.510 --> 00:18:55.520 align:start position:0%
>> That's a really important distinction.

00:18:55.520 --> 00:18:57.510 align:start position:0%
>> That's a really important distinction.
The<00:18:55.760><c> RSO</c><00:18:56.240><c> is</c><00:18:56.320><c> the</c><00:18:56.559><c> final</c><00:18:56.799><c> check,</c><00:18:57.120><c> but</c><00:18:57.360><c> the</c>

00:18:57.510 --> 00:18:57.520 align:start position:0%
The RSO is the final check, but the

00:18:57.520 --> 00:18:59.270 align:start position:0%
The RSO is the final check, but the
responsibility<00:18:58.160><c> starts</c><00:18:58.400><c> with</c><00:18:58.559><c> the</c><00:18:58.720><c> builder.</c>

00:18:59.270 --> 00:18:59.280 align:start position:0%
responsibility starts with the builder.

00:18:59.280 --> 00:19:00.870 align:start position:0%
responsibility starts with the builder.
And<00:18:59.440><c> when</c><00:18:59.760><c> flights</c><00:19:00.080><c> do</c><00:19:00.320><c> go</c><00:19:00.480><c> wrong,</c>

00:19:00.870 --> 00:19:00.880 align:start position:0%
And when flights do go wrong,

00:19:00.880 --> 00:19:02.470 align:start position:0%
And when flights do go wrong,
statistically,<00:19:01.600><c> what's</c><00:19:01.840><c> the</c><00:19:02.000><c> most</c><00:19:02.240><c> common</c>

00:19:02.470 --> 00:19:02.480 align:start position:0%
statistically, what's the most common

00:19:02.480 --> 00:19:03.750 align:start position:0%
statistically, what's the most common
culprit?<00:19:03.039><c> What</c><00:19:03.200><c> makes</c><00:19:03.360><c> a</c><00:19:03.520><c> flight</c>

00:19:03.750 --> 00:19:03.760 align:start position:0%
culprit? What makes a flight

00:19:03.760 --> 00:19:04.789 align:start position:0%
culprit? What makes a flight
unsuccessful?

00:19:04.789 --> 00:19:04.799 align:start position:0%
unsuccessful?

00:19:04.799 --> 00:19:06.789 align:start position:0%
unsuccessful?
>> The<00:19:05.120><c> data</c><00:19:05.440><c> is</c><00:19:05.600><c> pretty</c><00:19:05.840><c> clear</c><00:19:06.080><c> on</c><00:19:06.240><c> this.</c><00:19:06.640><c> The</c>

00:19:06.789 --> 00:19:06.799 align:start position:0%
>> The data is pretty clear on this. The

00:19:06.799 --> 00:19:08.789 align:start position:0%
>> The data is pretty clear on this. The
vast<00:19:07.039><c> majority</c><00:19:07.360><c> of</c><00:19:07.600><c> unsuccessful</c><00:19:08.320><c> high</c><00:19:08.559><c> power</c>

00:19:08.789 --> 00:19:08.799 align:start position:0%
vast majority of unsuccessful high power

00:19:08.799 --> 00:19:11.270 align:start position:0%
vast majority of unsuccessful high power
flights,<00:19:09.200><c> something</c><00:19:09.440><c> like</c><00:19:09.679><c> 75%</c><00:19:10.720><c> are</c><00:19:10.880><c> due</c><00:19:11.120><c> to</c>

00:19:11.270 --> 00:19:11.280 align:start position:0%
flights, something like 75% are due to

00:19:11.280 --> 00:19:12.390 align:start position:0%
flights, something like 75% are due to
recovery<00:19:11.679><c> system</c><00:19:11.919><c> problems.</c>

00:19:12.390 --> 00:19:12.400 align:start position:0%
recovery system problems.

00:19:12.400 --> 00:19:14.470 align:start position:0%
recovery system problems.
>> Threearters.<00:19:13.120><c> Wow.</c><00:19:13.600><c> related</c><00:19:13.919><c> to</c><00:19:14.080><c> that</c><00:19:14.240><c> vent</c>

00:19:14.470 --> 00:19:14.480 align:start position:0%
>> Threearters. Wow. related to that vent

00:19:14.480 --> 00:19:16.070 align:start position:0%
>> Threearters. Wow. related to that vent
hole<00:19:14.799><c> issue</c><00:19:15.200><c> or</c><00:19:15.600><c> other</c><00:19:15.760><c> things.</c>

00:19:16.070 --> 00:19:16.080 align:start position:0%
hole issue or other things.

00:19:16.080 --> 00:19:17.350 align:start position:0%
hole issue or other things.
>> It<00:19:16.240><c> could</c><00:19:16.320><c> be</c><00:19:16.400><c> a</c><00:19:16.559><c> whole</c><00:19:16.720><c> range</c><00:19:16.799><c> of</c><00:19:16.960><c> things.</c><00:19:17.200><c> A</c>

00:19:17.350 --> 00:19:17.360 align:start position:0%
>> It could be a whole range of things. A

00:19:17.360 --> 00:19:19.430 align:start position:0%
>> It could be a whole range of things. A
really<00:19:17.600><c> common</c><00:19:17.840><c> one</c><00:19:18.000><c> is</c><00:19:18.320><c> zipper</c><00:19:18.720><c> damage.</c>

00:19:19.430 --> 00:19:19.440 align:start position:0%
really common one is zipper damage.

00:19:19.440 --> 00:19:21.270 align:start position:0%
really common one is zipper damage.
>> Zipper<00:19:19.840><c> damage.</c><00:19:20.400><c> What's</c><00:19:20.640><c> that?</c>

00:19:21.270 --> 00:19:21.280 align:start position:0%
>> Zipper damage. What's that?

00:19:21.280 --> 00:19:23.110 align:start position:0%
>> Zipper damage. What's that?
>> That's<00:19:21.440><c> when</c><00:19:21.679><c> the</c><00:19:21.840><c> shock</c><00:19:22.080><c> cord,</c><00:19:22.559><c> as</c><00:19:22.799><c> it</c><00:19:22.960><c> comes</c>

00:19:23.110 --> 00:19:23.120 align:start position:0%
>> That's when the shock cord, as it comes

00:19:23.120 --> 00:19:24.710 align:start position:0%
>> That's when the shock cord, as it comes
out<00:19:23.280><c> under</c><00:19:23.600><c> tension</c><00:19:23.919><c> during</c><00:19:24.160><c> parachute</c>

00:19:24.710 --> 00:19:24.720 align:start position:0%
out under tension during parachute

00:19:24.720 --> 00:19:27.350 align:start position:0%
out under tension during parachute
deployment,<00:19:25.440><c> literally</c><00:19:25.919><c> tears</c><00:19:26.559><c> or</c><00:19:26.880><c> cuts</c><00:19:27.120><c> a</c>

00:19:27.350 --> 00:19:27.360 align:start position:0%
deployment, literally tears or cuts a

00:19:27.360 --> 00:19:29.350 align:start position:0%
deployment, literally tears or cuts a
long<00:19:27.679><c> slit</c><00:19:28.080><c> down</c><00:19:28.240><c> the</c><00:19:28.400><c> side</c><00:19:28.559><c> of</c><00:19:28.720><c> the</c><00:19:28.880><c> airframe</c>

00:19:29.350 --> 00:19:29.360 align:start position:0%
long slit down the side of the airframe

00:19:29.360 --> 00:19:31.510 align:start position:0%
long slit down the side of the airframe
body<00:19:29.679><c> tube</c><00:19:30.320><c> looks</c><00:19:30.480><c> like</c><00:19:30.559><c> a</c><00:19:30.720><c> zipper</c><00:19:31.039><c> track.</c>

00:19:31.510 --> 00:19:31.520 align:start position:0%
body tube looks like a zipper track.

00:19:31.520 --> 00:19:33.190 align:start position:0%
body tube looks like a zipper track.
>> Ouch.<00:19:32.000><c> What</c><00:19:32.320><c> causes</c><00:19:32.640><c> that?</c>

00:19:33.190 --> 00:19:33.200 align:start position:0%
>> Ouch. What causes that?

00:19:33.200 --> 00:19:34.549 align:start position:0%
>> Ouch. What causes that?
>> It<00:19:33.440><c> most</c><00:19:33.600><c> often</c><00:19:33.919><c> happens</c><00:19:34.240><c> because</c><00:19:34.400><c> the</c>

00:19:34.549 --> 00:19:34.559 align:start position:0%
>> It most often happens because the

00:19:34.559 --> 00:19:36.470 align:start position:0%
>> It most often happens because the
parachute<00:19:35.039><c> deploys</c><00:19:35.600><c> when</c><00:19:35.840><c> the</c><00:19:36.000><c> rocket</c><00:19:36.240><c> is</c>

00:19:36.470 --> 00:19:36.480 align:start position:0%
parachute deploys when the rocket is

00:19:36.480 --> 00:19:37.909 align:start position:0%
parachute deploys when the rocket is
still<00:19:36.640><c> moving</c><00:19:36.799><c> too</c><00:19:37.039><c> quickly,</c><00:19:37.600><c> usually</c>

00:19:37.909 --> 00:19:37.919 align:start position:0%
still moving too quickly, usually

00:19:37.919 --> 00:19:40.310 align:start position:0%
still moving too quickly, usually
downwards.<00:19:38.960><c> Either</c><00:19:39.360><c> the</c><00:19:39.600><c> ejection</c><00:19:40.000><c> charge</c>

00:19:40.310 --> 00:19:40.320 align:start position:0%
downwards. Either the ejection charge

00:19:40.320 --> 00:19:42.310 align:start position:0%
downwards. Either the ejection charge
fires<00:19:40.640><c> too</c><00:19:40.799><c> soon</c><00:19:40.960><c> after</c><00:19:41.280><c> motor</c><00:19:41.600><c> burnout</c><00:19:42.080><c> while</c>

00:19:42.310 --> 00:19:42.320 align:start position:0%
fires too soon after motor burnout while

00:19:42.320 --> 00:19:44.549 align:start position:0%
fires too soon after motor burnout while
it's<00:19:42.480><c> still</c><00:19:42.640><c> coasting</c><00:19:43.039><c> up</c><00:19:43.200><c> fast</c><00:19:43.919><c> or</c><00:19:44.240><c> more</c>

00:19:44.549 --> 00:19:44.559 align:start position:0%
it's still coasting up fast or more

00:19:44.559 --> 00:19:46.710 align:start position:0%
it's still coasting up fast or more
commonly<00:19:44.960><c> it</c><00:19:45.120><c> fires</c><00:19:45.440><c> too</c><00:19:45.679><c> late</c><00:19:46.160><c> well</c><00:19:46.400><c> after</c>

00:19:46.710 --> 00:19:46.720 align:start position:0%
commonly it fires too late well after

00:19:46.720 --> 00:19:48.470 align:start position:0%
commonly it fires too late well after
apogee<00:19:47.360><c> when</c><00:19:47.520><c> the</c><00:19:47.679><c> rocket</c><00:19:47.919><c> has</c><00:19:48.080><c> picked</c><00:19:48.240><c> up</c>

00:19:48.470 --> 00:19:48.480 align:start position:0%
apogee when the rocket has picked up

00:19:48.480 --> 00:19:49.990 align:start position:0%
apogee when the rocket has picked up
significant<00:19:49.039><c> downward</c><00:19:49.440><c> speed.</c>

00:19:49.990 --> 00:19:50.000 align:start position:0%
significant downward speed.

00:19:50.000 --> 00:19:51.669 align:start position:0%
significant downward speed.
>> So<00:19:50.240><c> timing</c><00:19:50.640><c> is</c><00:19:50.960><c> everything.</c>

00:19:51.669 --> 00:19:51.679 align:start position:0%
>> So timing is everything.

00:19:51.679 --> 00:19:53.750 align:start position:0%
>> So timing is everything.
>> Timing<00:19:52.000><c> is</c><00:19:52.240><c> critical.</c><00:19:52.880><c> Ejection</c><00:19:53.360><c> right</c><00:19:53.520><c> at</c>

00:19:53.750 --> 00:19:53.760 align:start position:0%
>> Timing is critical. Ejection right at

00:19:53.760 --> 00:19:56.310 align:start position:0%
>> Timing is critical. Ejection right at
apogee.<00:19:54.640><c> The</c><00:19:54.880><c> peak</c><00:19:55.200><c> altitude</c><00:19:55.679><c> is</c><00:19:55.919><c> the</c><00:19:56.080><c> ideal</c>

00:19:56.310 --> 00:19:56.320 align:start position:0%
apogee. The peak altitude is the ideal

00:19:56.320 --> 00:19:57.750 align:start position:0%
apogee. The peak altitude is the ideal
moment<00:19:56.640><c> because</c><00:19:56.880><c> that's</c><00:19:57.120><c> typically</c><00:19:57.440><c> when</c><00:19:57.600><c> the</c>

00:19:57.750 --> 00:19:57.760 align:start position:0%
moment because that's typically when the

00:19:57.760 --> 00:19:59.830 align:start position:0%
moment because that's typically when the
rocket's<00:19:58.160><c> vertical</c><00:19:58.559><c> velocity</c><00:19:59.200><c> is</c><00:19:59.440><c> at</c><00:19:59.600><c> its</c>

00:19:59.830 --> 00:19:59.840 align:start position:0%
rocket's vertical velocity is at its

00:19:59.840 --> 00:20:02.870 align:start position:0%
rocket's vertical velocity is at its
lowest<00:20:00.400><c> close</c><00:20:00.640><c> to</c><00:20:00.799><c> zero.</c><00:20:01.679><c> That</c><00:20:02.000><c> minimizes</c><00:20:02.559><c> the</c>

00:20:02.870 --> 00:20:02.880 align:start position:0%
lowest close to zero. That minimizes the

00:20:02.880 --> 00:20:03.750 align:start position:0%
lowest close to zero. That minimizes the
deployment<00:20:03.280><c> stress.</c>

00:20:03.750 --> 00:20:03.760 align:start position:0%
deployment stress.

00:20:03.760 --> 00:20:05.270 align:start position:0%
deployment stress.
>> That<00:20:04.000><c> makes</c><00:20:04.160><c> perfect</c><00:20:04.480><c> sense.</c><00:20:04.720><c> And</c><00:20:04.960><c> for</c><00:20:05.120><c> the</c>

00:20:05.270 --> 00:20:05.280 align:start position:0%
>> That makes perfect sense. And for the

00:20:05.280 --> 00:20:07.110 align:start position:0%
>> That makes perfect sense. And for the
really<00:20:05.440><c> big</c><00:20:05.679><c> rockets,</c><00:20:06.160><c> the</c><00:20:06.240><c> high</c><00:20:06.480><c> power</c><00:20:06.720><c> ones,</c>

00:20:07.110 --> 00:20:07.120 align:start position:0%
really big rockets, the high power ones,

00:20:07.120 --> 00:20:09.510 align:start position:0%
really big rockets, the high power ones,
do<00:20:07.360><c> they</c><00:20:07.520><c> need</c><00:20:07.760><c> more</c><00:20:08.080><c> sophisticated</c><00:20:09.039><c> recovery</c>

00:20:09.510 --> 00:20:09.520 align:start position:0%
do they need more sophisticated recovery

00:20:09.520 --> 00:20:11.190 align:start position:0%
do they need more sophisticated recovery
systems<00:20:09.919><c> than</c><00:20:10.160><c> just</c><00:20:10.400><c> a</c><00:20:10.640><c> simple</c><00:20:10.960><c> timed</c>

00:20:11.190 --> 00:20:11.200 align:start position:0%
systems than just a simple timed

00:20:11.200 --> 00:20:12.230 align:start position:0%
systems than just a simple timed
ejection<00:20:11.679><c> charge?</c>

00:20:12.230 --> 00:20:12.240 align:start position:0%
ejection charge?

00:20:12.240 --> 00:20:13.909 align:start position:0%
ejection charge?
>> Absolutely.<00:20:12.640><c> If</c><00:20:12.880><c> your</c><00:20:13.039><c> rockets</c><00:20:13.440><c> install</c>

00:20:13.909 --> 00:20:13.919 align:start position:0%
>> Absolutely. If your rockets install

00:20:13.919 --> 00:20:15.909 align:start position:0%
>> Absolutely. If your rockets install
total<00:20:14.160><c> impulse,</c><00:20:14.880><c> the</c><00:20:15.039><c> total</c><00:20:15.360><c> power</c><00:20:15.520><c> of</c><00:20:15.760><c> all</c>

00:20:15.909 --> 00:20:15.919 align:start position:0%
total impulse, the total power of all

00:20:15.919 --> 00:20:19.029 align:start position:0%
total impulse, the total power of all
motors<00:20:16.320><c> firing</c><00:20:16.960><c> exceeds</c><00:20:17.600><c> 2560</c><00:20:18.720><c> Newton</c>

00:20:19.029 --> 00:20:19.039 align:start position:0%
motors firing exceeds 2560 Newton

00:20:19.039 --> 00:20:22.710 align:start position:0%
motors firing exceeds 2560 Newton
seconds.<00:20:20.080><c> NFPA</c><00:20:21.039><c> 1127</c>

00:20:22.710 --> 00:20:22.720 align:start position:0%
seconds. NFPA 1127

00:20:22.720 --> 00:20:24.230 align:start position:0%
seconds. NFPA 1127
actually<00:20:23.039><c> requires</c><00:20:23.440><c> an</c><00:20:23.600><c> electronically</c>

00:20:24.230 --> 00:20:24.240 align:start position:0%
actually requires an electronically

00:20:24.240 --> 00:20:25.590 align:start position:0%
actually requires an electronically
actuated<00:20:24.799><c> recovery</c><00:20:25.120><c> system.</c>

00:20:25.590 --> 00:20:25.600 align:start position:0%
actuated recovery system.

00:20:25.600 --> 00:20:27.029 align:start position:0%
actuated recovery system.
>> Electronic<00:20:26.080><c> like</c><00:20:26.240><c> an</c><00:20:26.400><c> alttimeter.</c>

00:20:27.029 --> 00:20:27.039 align:start position:0%
>> Electronic like an alttimeter.

00:20:27.039 --> 00:20:28.789 align:start position:0%
>> Electronic like an alttimeter.
>> Yeah.<00:20:27.280><c> usually</c><00:20:27.600><c> an</c><00:20:27.760><c> alttimeter</c><00:20:28.240><c> that</c><00:20:28.400><c> detects</c>

00:20:28.789 --> 00:20:28.799 align:start position:0%
>> Yeah. usually an alttimeter that detects

00:20:28.799 --> 00:20:31.029 align:start position:0%
>> Yeah. usually an alttimeter that detects
apogee<00:20:29.200><c> and</c><00:20:29.440><c> triggers</c><00:20:29.760><c> the</c><00:20:29.919><c> ejection</c><00:20:30.320><c> charge</c>

00:20:31.029 --> 00:20:31.039 align:start position:0%
apogee and triggers the ejection charge

00:20:31.039 --> 00:20:33.909 align:start position:0%
apogee and triggers the ejection charge
or<00:20:31.360><c> sometimes</c><00:20:31.679><c> a</c><00:20:31.919><c> timer</c><00:20:32.640><c> or</c><00:20:33.039><c> often</c><00:20:33.440><c> both</c><00:20:33.679><c> for</c>

00:20:33.909 --> 00:20:33.919 align:start position:0%
or sometimes a timer or often both for

00:20:33.919 --> 00:20:36.470 align:start position:0%
or sometimes a timer or often both for
redundancy.<00:20:35.039><c> This</c><00:20:35.280><c> adds</c><00:20:35.520><c> a</c><00:20:35.679><c> crucial</c><00:20:36.159><c> layer</c><00:20:36.320><c> of</c>

00:20:36.470 --> 00:20:36.480 align:start position:0%
redundancy. This adds a crucial layer of

00:20:36.480 --> 00:20:38.149 align:start position:0%
redundancy. This adds a crucial layer of
reliability<00:20:37.120><c> and</c><00:20:37.360><c> precision</c><00:20:37.760><c> for</c><00:20:38.000><c> those</c>

00:20:38.149 --> 00:20:38.159 align:start position:0%
reliability and precision for those

00:20:38.159 --> 00:20:39.830 align:start position:0%
reliability and precision for those
higher<00:20:38.480><c> energy</c><00:20:38.880><c> flights</c><00:20:39.440><c> where</c><00:20:39.679><c> the</c>

00:20:39.830 --> 00:20:39.840 align:start position:0%
higher energy flights where the

00:20:39.840 --> 00:20:41.830 align:start position:0%
higher energy flights where the
consequences<00:20:40.400><c> of</c><00:20:40.559><c> failure</c><00:20:40.960><c> are</c><00:20:41.200><c> greater.</c>

00:20:41.830 --> 00:20:41.840 align:start position:0%
consequences of failure are greater.

00:20:41.840 --> 00:20:44.470 align:start position:0%
consequences of failure are greater.
>> Okay,<00:20:42.400><c> so</c><00:20:42.720><c> electronics</c><00:20:43.280><c> become</c><00:20:43.679><c> mandatory</c>

00:20:44.470 --> 00:20:44.480 align:start position:0%
>> Okay, so electronics become mandatory

00:20:44.480 --> 00:20:46.710 align:start position:0%
>> Okay, so electronics become mandatory
above<00:20:44.880><c> a</c><00:20:45.039><c> certain</c><00:20:45.280><c> power</c><00:20:45.520><c> level.</c><00:20:46.320><c> What</c><00:20:46.480><c> about</c>

00:20:46.710 --> 00:20:46.720 align:start position:0%
above a certain power level. What about

00:20:46.720 --> 00:20:48.630 align:start position:0%
above a certain power level. What about
those<00:20:46.960><c> electronic</c><00:20:47.440><c> systems</c><00:20:47.840><c> themselves?</c><00:20:48.400><c> Any</c>

00:20:48.630 --> 00:20:48.640 align:start position:0%
those electronic systems themselves? Any

00:20:48.640 --> 00:20:50.950 align:start position:0%
those electronic systems themselves? Any
pitfalls?<00:20:49.360><c> You</c><00:20:49.600><c> mentioned</c><00:20:49.919><c> barometric</c><00:20:50.640><c> ones</c>

00:20:50.950 --> 00:20:50.960 align:start position:0%
pitfalls? You mentioned barometric ones

00:20:50.960 --> 00:20:51.510 align:start position:0%
pitfalls? You mentioned barometric ones
earlier,

00:20:51.510 --> 00:20:51.520 align:start position:0%
earlier,

00:20:51.520 --> 00:20:53.510 align:start position:0%
earlier,
>> right?<00:20:51.760><c> Barometric</c><00:20:52.240><c> altimeters</c><00:20:52.960><c> which</c><00:20:53.200><c> sense</c>

00:20:53.510 --> 00:20:53.520 align:start position:0%
>> right? Barometric altimeters which sense

00:20:53.520 --> 00:20:55.430 align:start position:0%
>> right? Barometric altimeters which sense
air<00:20:53.840><c> pressure</c><00:20:54.159><c> to</c><00:20:54.320><c> determine</c><00:20:54.799><c> altitude</c><00:20:55.200><c> and</c>

00:20:55.430 --> 00:20:55.440 align:start position:0%
air pressure to determine altitude and

00:20:55.440 --> 00:20:57.669 align:start position:0%
air pressure to determine altitude and
detect<00:20:55.760><c> apogee.</c><00:20:56.559><c> They</c><00:20:56.799><c> need</c><00:20:56.880><c> a</c><00:20:57.120><c> small</c><00:20:57.360><c> vent</c>

00:20:57.669 --> 00:20:57.679 align:start position:0%
detect apogee. They need a small vent

00:20:57.679 --> 00:20:59.430 align:start position:0%
detect apogee. They need a small vent
hole<00:20:57.919><c> to</c><00:20:58.080><c> the</c><00:20:58.240><c> outside</c><00:20:58.640><c> air</c><00:20:58.960><c> to</c><00:20:59.200><c> work</c>

00:20:59.430 --> 00:20:59.440 align:start position:0%
hole to the outside air to work

00:20:59.440 --> 00:21:00.070 align:start position:0%
hole to the outside air to work
correctly,

00:21:00.070 --> 00:21:00.080 align:start position:0%
correctly,

00:21:00.080 --> 00:21:02.149 align:start position:0%
correctly,
>> like<00:21:00.240><c> the</c><00:21:00.559><c> pressure</c><00:21:00.880><c> equalization</c><00:21:01.600><c> vent.</c>

00:21:02.149 --> 00:21:02.159 align:start position:0%
>> like the pressure equalization vent.

00:21:02.159 --> 00:21:03.909 align:start position:0%
>> like the pressure equalization vent.
>> Similar<00:21:02.559><c> idea.</c><00:21:02.960><c> Yes,</c><00:21:03.200><c> they</c><00:21:03.360><c> need</c><00:21:03.520><c> to</c><00:21:03.600><c> sample</c>

00:21:03.909 --> 00:21:03.919 align:start position:0%
>> Similar idea. Yes, they need to sample

00:21:03.919 --> 00:21:05.990 align:start position:0%
>> Similar idea. Yes, they need to sample
the<00:21:04.080><c> ambient</c><00:21:04.480><c> pressure.</c><00:21:05.440><c> But</c><00:21:05.600><c> here's</c><00:21:05.840><c> a</c>

00:21:05.990 --> 00:21:06.000 align:start position:0%
the ambient pressure. But here's a

00:21:06.000 --> 00:21:08.470 align:start position:0%
the ambient pressure. But here's a
crucial<00:21:06.400><c> caveat</c><00:21:06.880><c> we</c><00:21:07.039><c> touched</c><00:21:07.360><c> on.</c><00:21:08.000><c> They</c><00:21:08.320><c> can</c>

00:21:08.470 --> 00:21:08.480 align:start position:0%
crucial caveat we touched on. They can

00:21:08.480 --> 00:21:10.549 align:start position:0%
crucial caveat we touched on. They can
sometimes<00:21:08.880><c> malfunction</c><00:21:09.600><c> during</c><00:21:09.919><c> supersonic</c>

00:21:10.549 --> 00:21:10.559 align:start position:0%
sometimes malfunction during supersonic

00:21:10.559 --> 00:21:10.950 align:start position:0%
sometimes malfunction during supersonic
flight,

00:21:10.950 --> 00:21:10.960 align:start position:0%
flight,

00:21:10.960 --> 00:21:12.710 align:start position:0%
flight,
>> faster<00:21:11.360><c> than</c><00:21:11.520><c> sound.</c><00:21:12.080><c> Why?</c>

00:21:12.710 --> 00:21:12.720 align:start position:0%
>> faster than sound. Why?

00:21:12.720 --> 00:21:14.470 align:start position:0%
>> faster than sound. Why?
>> Because<00:21:12.960><c> the</c><00:21:13.200><c> shock</c><00:21:13.520><c> waves</c><00:21:13.840><c> created</c><00:21:14.240><c> around</c>

00:21:14.470 --> 00:21:14.480 align:start position:0%
>> Because the shock waves created around

00:21:14.480 --> 00:21:16.789 align:start position:0%
>> Because the shock waves created around
the<00:21:14.720><c> rocket</c><00:21:15.039><c> at</c><00:21:15.280><c> supersonic</c><00:21:15.919><c> speeds</c><00:21:16.559><c> can</c>

00:21:16.789 --> 00:21:16.799 align:start position:0%
the rocket at supersonic speeds can

00:21:16.799 --> 00:21:18.710 align:start position:0%
the rocket at supersonic speeds can
disrupt<00:21:17.200><c> the</c><00:21:17.440><c> smooth</c><00:21:17.919><c> continuous</c><00:21:18.480><c> air</c>

00:21:18.710 --> 00:21:18.720 align:start position:0%
disrupt the smooth continuous air

00:21:18.720 --> 00:21:20.470 align:start position:0%
disrupt the smooth continuous air
pressure<00:21:19.039><c> distribution</c><00:21:19.919><c> right</c><00:21:20.159><c> at</c><00:21:20.320><c> the</c>

00:21:20.470 --> 00:21:20.480 align:start position:0%
pressure distribution right at the

00:21:20.480 --> 00:21:22.149 align:start position:0%
pressure distribution right at the
surface<00:21:20.799><c> of</c><00:21:20.880><c> the</c><00:21:21.039><c> rocket</c><00:21:21.360><c> where</c><00:21:21.520><c> the</c><00:21:21.679><c> sensor's</c>

00:21:22.149 --> 00:21:22.159 align:start position:0%
surface of the rocket where the sensor's

00:21:22.159 --> 00:21:24.390 align:start position:0%
surface of the rocket where the sensor's
vent<00:21:22.320><c> hole</c><00:21:22.640><c> is.</c><00:21:23.360><c> This</c><00:21:23.600><c> can</c><00:21:23.760><c> cause</c><00:21:24.080><c> erratic</c>

00:21:24.390 --> 00:21:24.400 align:start position:0%
vent hole is. This can cause erratic

00:21:24.400 --> 00:21:25.830 align:start position:0%
vent hole is. This can cause erratic
pressure<00:21:24.720><c> readings</c><00:21:25.120><c> potentially</c><00:21:25.440><c> leading</c><00:21:25.679><c> to</c>

00:21:25.830 --> 00:21:25.840 align:start position:0%
pressure readings potentially leading to

00:21:25.840 --> 00:21:28.149 align:start position:0%
pressure readings potentially leading to
premature<00:21:26.320><c> or</c><00:21:26.559><c> delayed</c><00:21:26.880><c> deployment.</c><00:21:27.760><c> It's</c><00:21:27.919><c> a</c>

00:21:28.149 --> 00:21:28.159 align:start position:0%
premature or delayed deployment. It's a

00:21:28.159 --> 00:21:30.230 align:start position:0%
premature or delayed deployment. It's a
complex<00:21:28.640><c> aerodynamic</c><00:21:29.440><c> interaction.</c>

00:21:30.230 --> 00:21:30.240 align:start position:0%
complex aerodynamic interaction.

00:21:30.240 --> 00:21:32.149 align:start position:0%
complex aerodynamic interaction.
>> Wow,<00:21:30.640><c> that's</c><00:21:30.799><c> a</c><00:21:31.120><c> seriously</c><00:21:31.679><c> advanced</c>

00:21:32.149 --> 00:21:32.159 align:start position:0%
>> Wow, that's a seriously advanced

00:21:32.159 --> 00:21:34.149 align:start position:0%
>> Wow, that's a seriously advanced
consideration.<00:21:32.960><c> Supersonic</c><00:21:33.600><c> effects</c><00:21:33.919><c> on</c>

00:21:34.149 --> 00:21:34.159 align:start position:0%
consideration. Supersonic effects on

00:21:34.159 --> 00:21:36.710 align:start position:0%
consideration. Supersonic effects on
your<00:21:34.320><c> recovery</c><00:21:34.720><c> system.</c>

00:21:36.710 --> 00:21:36.720 align:start position:0%
your recovery system.

00:21:36.720 --> 00:21:39.750 align:start position:0%
your recovery system.
Okay,<00:21:37.200><c> another</c><00:21:37.600><c> potential</c><00:21:38.080><c> failure</c><00:21:38.480><c> point.</c>

00:21:39.750 --> 00:21:39.760 align:start position:0%
Okay, another potential failure point.

00:21:39.760 --> 00:21:41.270 align:start position:0%
Okay, another potential failure point.
What<00:21:40.000><c> about</c><00:21:40.159><c> the</c><00:21:40.320><c> motor</c><00:21:40.640><c> actually</c><00:21:40.880><c> staying</c><00:21:41.120><c> in</c>

00:21:41.270 --> 00:21:41.280 align:start position:0%
What about the motor actually staying in

00:21:41.280 --> 00:21:42.630 align:start position:0%
What about the motor actually staying in
the<00:21:41.440><c> rocket?</c><00:21:41.760><c> I</c><00:21:41.919><c> imagine</c><00:21:42.159><c> that's</c><00:21:42.400><c> pretty</c>

00:21:42.630 --> 00:21:42.640 align:start position:0%
the rocket? I imagine that's pretty

00:21:42.640 --> 00:21:43.270 align:start position:0%
the rocket? I imagine that's pretty
important,<00:21:42.960><c> too.</c>

00:21:43.270 --> 00:21:43.280 align:start position:0%
important, too.

00:21:43.280 --> 00:21:44.870 align:start position:0%
important, too.
>> You've<00:21:43.520><c> hit</c><00:21:43.679><c> on</c><00:21:43.840><c> another</c><00:21:44.159><c> critical</c><00:21:44.480><c> safety</c>

00:21:44.870 --> 00:21:44.880 align:start position:0%
>> You've hit on another critical safety

00:21:44.880 --> 00:21:48.710 align:start position:0%
>> You've hit on another critical safety
point,<00:21:45.919><c> motor</c><00:21:46.400><c> retention.</c><00:21:47.280><c> It</c><00:21:47.520><c> sounds</c><00:21:47.840><c> basic,</c>

00:21:48.710 --> 00:21:48.720 align:start position:0%
point, motor retention. It sounds basic,

00:21:48.720 --> 00:21:50.870 align:start position:0%
point, motor retention. It sounds basic,
but<00:21:49.039><c> inadequate</c><00:21:49.760><c> motor</c><00:21:50.080><c> retention</c><00:21:50.480><c> can</c><00:21:50.720><c> lead</c>

00:21:50.870 --> 00:21:50.880 align:start position:0%
but inadequate motor retention can lead

00:21:50.880 --> 00:21:53.190 align:start position:0%
but inadequate motor retention can lead
to<00:21:51.200><c> absolutely</c><00:21:51.840><c> catastrophic</c><00:21:52.559><c> failures.</c>

00:21:53.190 --> 00:21:53.200 align:start position:0%
to absolutely catastrophic failures.

00:21:53.200 --> 00:21:55.029 align:start position:0%
to absolutely catastrophic failures.
>> Like<00:21:53.440><c> what?</c><00:21:53.840><c> The</c><00:21:54.000><c> motor</c><00:21:54.320><c> just</c><00:21:54.480><c> falls</c><00:21:54.720><c> out.</c>

00:21:55.029 --> 00:21:55.039 align:start position:0%
>> Like what? The motor just falls out.

00:21:55.039 --> 00:21:57.270 align:start position:0%
>> Like what? The motor just falls out.
>> That's<00:21:55.280><c> the</c><00:21:55.440><c> least</c><00:21:55.679><c> traumatic</c><00:21:56.159><c> outcome.</c><00:21:56.960><c> More</c>

00:21:57.270 --> 00:21:57.280 align:start position:0%
>> That's the least traumatic outcome. More

00:21:57.280 --> 00:21:59.590 align:start position:0%
>> That's the least traumatic outcome. More
dangerously,<00:21:57.919><c> the</c><00:21:58.159><c> ejection</c><00:21:58.559><c> charge</c><00:21:58.880><c> fires,</c>

00:21:59.590 --> 00:21:59.600 align:start position:0%
dangerously, the ejection charge fires,

00:21:59.600 --> 00:22:01.029 align:start position:0%
dangerously, the ejection charge fires,
but<00:21:59.840><c> instead</c><00:22:00.080><c> of</c><00:22:00.240><c> pushing</c><00:22:00.480><c> the</c><00:22:00.640><c> parachute</c>

00:22:01.029 --> 00:22:01.039 align:start position:0%
but instead of pushing the parachute

00:22:01.039 --> 00:22:03.110 align:start position:0%
but instead of pushing the parachute
out,<00:22:01.280><c> it</c><00:22:01.440><c> pushes</c><00:22:01.679><c> the</c><00:22:01.840><c> motor</c><00:22:02.080><c> out</c><00:22:02.320><c> the</c><00:22:02.480><c> back</c>

00:22:03.110 --> 00:22:03.120 align:start position:0%
out, it pushes the motor out the back

00:22:03.120 --> 00:22:04.789 align:start position:0%
out, it pushes the motor out the back
because<00:22:03.360><c> it</c><00:22:03.600><c> wasn't</c><00:22:03.840><c> secured</c><00:22:04.240><c> properly.</c>

00:22:04.789 --> 00:22:04.799 align:start position:0%
because it wasn't secured properly.

00:22:04.799 --> 00:22:05.750 align:start position:0%
because it wasn't secured properly.
>> So,<00:22:04.960><c> no</c><00:22:05.200><c> parachute.</c>

00:22:05.750 --> 00:22:05.760 align:start position:0%
>> So, no parachute.

00:22:05.760 --> 00:22:07.590 align:start position:0%
>> So, no parachute.
>> No<00:22:05.919><c> parachute.</c><00:22:06.480><c> And</c><00:22:06.720><c> potentially</c><00:22:07.120><c> a</c><00:22:07.280><c> heavy</c>

00:22:07.590 --> 00:22:07.600 align:start position:0%
>> No parachute. And potentially a heavy

00:22:07.600 --> 00:22:10.630 align:start position:0%
>> No parachute. And potentially a heavy
motor<00:22:07.840><c> casing</c><00:22:08.240><c> falling</c><00:22:08.559><c> uncontrolled.</c><00:22:09.919><c> Or</c><00:22:10.400><c> in</c>

00:22:10.630 --> 00:22:10.640 align:start position:0%
motor casing falling uncontrolled. Or in

00:22:10.640 --> 00:22:12.950 align:start position:0%
motor casing falling uncontrolled. Or in
a<00:22:10.880><c> cluster,</c><00:22:11.679><c> one</c><00:22:11.919><c> motor</c><00:22:12.240><c> might</c><00:22:12.640><c> ignite</c>

00:22:12.950 --> 00:22:12.960 align:start position:0%
a cluster, one motor might ignite

00:22:12.960 --> 00:22:14.789 align:start position:0%
a cluster, one motor might ignite
improperly<00:22:13.520><c> and</c><00:22:13.760><c> fly</c><00:22:14.000><c> out</c><00:22:14.159><c> of</c><00:22:14.240><c> the</c><00:22:14.400><c> cluster</c>

00:22:14.789 --> 00:22:14.799 align:start position:0%
improperly and fly out of the cluster

00:22:14.799 --> 00:22:17.990 align:start position:0%
improperly and fly out of the cluster
unguided.<00:22:16.000><c> Or</c><00:22:16.320><c> perhaps</c><00:22:16.640><c> the</c><00:22:16.880><c> worst</c><00:22:17.120><c> case,</c><00:22:17.679><c> a</c>

00:22:17.990 --> 00:22:18.000 align:start position:0%
unguided. Or perhaps the worst case, a

00:22:18.000 --> 00:22:19.909 align:start position:0%
unguided. Or perhaps the worst case, a
powerful<00:22:18.480><c> motor</c><00:22:18.799><c> could</c><00:22:19.039><c> literally</c><00:22:19.440><c> fly</c><00:22:19.679><c> up</c>

00:22:19.909 --> 00:22:19.919 align:start position:0%
powerful motor could literally fly up

00:22:19.919 --> 00:22:21.430 align:start position:0%
powerful motor could literally fly up
through<00:22:20.080><c> the</c><00:22:20.320><c> rocket's</c><00:22:20.720><c> internal</c><00:22:21.120><c> structure</c>

00:22:21.430 --> 00:22:21.440 align:start position:0%
through the rocket's internal structure

00:22:21.440 --> 00:22:23.270 align:start position:0%
through the rocket's internal structure
during<00:22:21.840><c> flight,</c><00:22:22.400><c> destroying</c><00:22:22.880><c> it</c><00:22:23.039><c> from</c><00:22:23.200><c> the</c>

00:22:23.270 --> 00:22:23.280 align:start position:0%
during flight, destroying it from the

00:22:23.280 --> 00:22:25.590 align:start position:0%
during flight, destroying it from the
inside<00:22:23.600><c> out.</c><00:22:24.400><c> The</c><00:22:24.640><c> consequences</c><00:22:25.280><c> can</c><00:22:25.440><c> be</c>

00:22:25.590 --> 00:22:25.600 align:start position:0%
inside out. The consequences can be

00:22:25.600 --> 00:22:27.270 align:start position:0%
inside out. The consequences can be
extremely<00:22:26.080><c> severe</c><00:22:26.480><c> for</c><00:22:26.720><c> property</c><00:22:27.039><c> and</c>

00:22:27.270 --> 00:22:27.280 align:start position:0%
extremely severe for property and

00:22:27.280 --> 00:22:29.029 align:start position:0%
extremely severe for property and
crucially<00:22:27.679><c> for</c><00:22:27.919><c> personnel</c><00:22:28.400><c> safety.</c>

00:22:29.029 --> 00:22:29.039 align:start position:0%
crucially for personnel safety.

00:22:29.039 --> 00:22:31.110 align:start position:0%
crucially for personnel safety.
>> That<00:22:29.280><c> paints</c><00:22:29.520><c> a</c><00:22:29.840><c> scary</c><00:22:30.159><c> picture.</c><00:22:30.720><c> And</c><00:22:30.880><c> to</c>

00:22:31.110 --> 00:22:31.120 align:start position:0%
>> That paints a scary picture. And to

00:22:31.120 --> 00:22:32.870 align:start position:0%
>> That paints a scary picture. And to
really<00:22:31.280><c> put</c><00:22:31.440><c> the</c><00:22:31.679><c> risk</c><00:22:31.919><c> of</c><00:22:32.159><c> falling</c><00:22:32.559><c> objects</c>

00:22:32.870 --> 00:22:32.880 align:start position:0%
really put the risk of falling objects

00:22:32.880 --> 00:22:35.110 align:start position:0%
really put the risk of falling objects
into<00:22:33.200><c> perspective,</c><00:22:34.240><c> our</c><00:22:34.480><c> source</c><00:22:34.799><c> material</c>

00:22:35.110 --> 00:22:35.120 align:start position:0%
into perspective, our source material

00:22:35.120 --> 00:22:36.789 align:start position:0%
into perspective, our source material
had<00:22:35.360><c> this</c><00:22:35.520><c> incredibly</c><00:22:36.000><c> vivid</c><00:22:36.400><c> comparison</c>

00:22:36.789 --> 00:22:36.799 align:start position:0%
had this incredibly vivid comparison

00:22:36.799 --> 00:22:38.149 align:start position:0%
had this incredibly vivid comparison
about<00:22:37.039><c> kinetic</c><00:22:37.440><c> energy,</c><00:22:37.760><c> didn't</c><00:22:38.000><c> it?</c>

00:22:38.149 --> 00:22:38.159 align:start position:0%
about kinetic energy, didn't it?

00:22:38.159 --> 00:22:39.750 align:start position:0%
about kinetic energy, didn't it?
>> It<00:22:38.400><c> did.</c><00:22:38.559><c> And</c><00:22:38.720><c> this</c><00:22:38.880><c> is</c><00:22:38.960><c> where</c><00:22:39.120><c> the</c><00:22:39.280><c> physics</c>

00:22:39.750 --> 00:22:39.760 align:start position:0%
>> It did. And this is where the physics

00:22:39.760 --> 00:22:42.070 align:start position:0%
>> It did. And this is where the physics
becomes<00:22:40.159><c> very,</c><00:22:40.400><c> very</c><00:22:40.720><c> real</c><00:22:40.960><c> and</c><00:22:41.200><c> sobering.</c>

00:22:42.070 --> 00:22:42.080 align:start position:0%
becomes very, very real and sobering.

00:22:42.080 --> 00:22:44.149 align:start position:0%
becomes very, very real and sobering.
Kinetic<00:22:42.559><c> energy,</c><00:22:43.039><c> remember,</c><00:22:43.520><c> is</c><00:22:43.760><c> a</c><00:22:43.919><c> function</c>

00:22:44.149 --> 00:22:44.159 align:start position:0%
Kinetic energy, remember, is a function

00:22:44.159 --> 00:22:46.230 align:start position:0%
Kinetic energy, remember, is a function
of<00:22:44.400><c> mass</c><00:22:44.880><c> times</c><00:22:45.200><c> the</c><00:22:45.440><c> square</c><00:22:45.840><c> of</c><00:22:46.000><c> its</c>

00:22:46.230 --> 00:22:46.240 align:start position:0%
of mass times the square of its

00:22:46.240 --> 00:22:48.950 align:start position:0%
of mass times the square of its
velocity.<00:22:46.880><c> That</c><00:22:47.200><c> squared</c><00:22:47.679><c> part</c><00:22:48.240><c> is</c><00:22:48.559><c> key.</c>

00:22:48.950 --> 00:22:48.960 align:start position:0%
velocity. That squared part is key.

00:22:48.960 --> 00:22:49.190 align:start position:0%
velocity. That squared part is key.
Okay?

00:22:49.190 --> 00:22:49.200 align:start position:0%
Okay?

00:22:49.200 --> 00:22:50.230 align:start position:0%
Okay?
>> So,<00:22:49.360><c> to</c><00:22:49.520><c> give</c><00:22:49.600><c> you</c><00:22:49.679><c> that</c><00:22:49.840><c> chilling</c>

00:22:50.230 --> 00:22:50.240 align:start position:0%
>> So, to give you that chilling

00:22:50.240 --> 00:22:51.750 align:start position:0%
>> So, to give you that chilling
perspective<00:22:50.640><c> from</c><00:22:50.799><c> the</c><00:22:50.960><c> guide,</c>

00:22:51.750 --> 00:22:51.760 align:start position:0%
perspective from the guide,

00:22:51.760 --> 00:22:54.789 align:start position:0%
perspective from the guide,
>> a.357<00:22:53.120><c> Magnum</c><00:22:53.600><c> bullet</c><00:22:53.919><c> when</c><00:22:54.159><c> fired</c><00:22:54.480><c> from</c><00:22:54.640><c> a</c>

00:22:54.789 --> 00:22:54.799 align:start position:0%
>> a.357 Magnum bullet when fired from a

00:22:54.799 --> 00:22:58.230 align:start position:0%
>> a.357 Magnum bullet when fired from a
gun<00:22:55.600><c> has</c><00:22:55.840><c> about</c><00:22:56.240><c> 740</c><00:22:57.039><c> jewels</c><00:22:57.440><c> of</c><00:22:57.600><c> energy.</c>

00:22:58.230 --> 00:22:58.240 align:start position:0%
gun has about 740 jewels of energy.

00:22:58.240 --> 00:22:59.590 align:start position:0%
gun has about 740 jewels of energy.
That's<00:22:58.400><c> a</c><00:22:58.640><c> standard</c><00:22:58.880><c> measure</c><00:22:59.120><c> of</c><00:22:59.280><c> impact</c>

00:22:59.590 --> 00:22:59.600 align:start position:0%
That's a standard measure of impact

00:22:59.600 --> 00:23:00.230 align:start position:0%
That's a standard measure of impact
energy.

00:23:00.230 --> 00:23:00.240 align:start position:0%
energy.

00:23:00.240 --> 00:23:02.789 align:start position:0%
energy.
>> 740<00:23:01.200><c> jewels.</c><00:23:01.679><c> Okay,</c><00:23:02.000><c> sounds</c><00:23:02.240><c> like</c><00:23:02.320><c> a</c><00:23:02.559><c> lot.</c>

00:23:02.789 --> 00:23:02.799 align:start position:0%
>> 740 jewels. Okay, sounds like a lot.

00:23:02.799 --> 00:23:05.750 align:start position:0%
>> 740 jewels. Okay, sounds like a lot.
>> Now,<00:23:03.120><c> picture</c><00:23:03.360><c> a</c><00:23:03.679><c> 40</c><00:23:04.000><c> lb</c><00:23:04.400><c> highower</c><00:23:05.039><c> rocket</c>

00:23:05.750 --> 00:23:05.760 align:start position:0%
>> Now, picture a 40 lb highower rocket

00:23:05.760 --> 00:23:07.750 align:start position:0%
>> Now, picture a 40 lb highower rocket
descending<00:23:06.320><c> under</c><00:23:06.640><c> maybe</c><00:23:07.039><c> a</c><00:23:07.280><c> partially</c>

00:23:07.750 --> 00:23:07.760 align:start position:0%
descending under maybe a partially

00:23:07.760 --> 00:23:10.070 align:start position:0%
descending under maybe a partially
failed<00:23:08.080><c> parachute</c><00:23:08.880><c> coming</c><00:23:09.120><c> down</c><00:23:09.360><c> at</c><00:23:09.600><c> 30</c><00:23:09.840><c> ft</c>

00:23:10.070 --> 00:23:10.080 align:start position:0%
failed parachute coming down at 30 ft

00:23:10.080 --> 00:23:11.830 align:start position:0%
failed parachute coming down at 30 ft
per<00:23:10.320><c> second.</c><00:23:10.799><c> That's</c><00:23:11.039><c> not</c><00:23:11.200><c> even</c><00:23:11.360><c> freeall</c>

00:23:11.830 --> 00:23:11.840 align:start position:0%
per second. That's not even freeall

00:23:11.840 --> 00:23:13.190 align:start position:0%
per second. That's not even freeall
speed,<00:23:12.080><c> just</c><00:23:12.240><c> a</c><00:23:12.400><c> fast</c><00:23:12.640><c> descent.</c>

00:23:13.190 --> 00:23:13.200 align:start position:0%
speed, just a fast descent.

00:23:13.200 --> 00:23:15.510 align:start position:0%
speed, just a fast descent.
>> Yeah,<00:23:13.520><c> 30</c><00:23:13.679><c> ft</c><00:23:13.919><c> per</c><00:23:14.080><c> second</c><00:23:14.400><c> about</c><00:23:14.640><c> 20</c><00:23:14.799><c> mph.</c>

00:23:15.510 --> 00:23:15.520 align:start position:0%
>> Yeah, 30 ft per second about 20 mph.

00:23:15.520 --> 00:23:16.549 align:start position:0%
>> Yeah, 30 ft per second about 20 mph.
Doesn't<00:23:15.760><c> sound</c><00:23:15.919><c> that</c><00:23:16.159><c> fast,</c>

00:23:16.549 --> 00:23:16.559 align:start position:0%
Doesn't sound that fast,

00:23:16.559 --> 00:23:19.029 align:start position:0%
Doesn't sound that fast,
>> but<00:23:16.880><c> calculate</c><00:23:17.280><c> the</c><00:23:17.440><c> kinetic</c><00:23:17.840><c> energy.</c><00:23:18.720><c> That</c>

00:23:19.029 --> 00:23:19.039 align:start position:0%
>> but calculate the kinetic energy. That

00:23:19.039 --> 00:23:21.190 align:start position:0%
>> but calculate the kinetic energy. That
40<00:23:19.360><c> lb</c><00:23:19.600><c> rocket</c><00:23:20.000><c> descending</c><00:23:20.400><c> at</c><00:23:20.559><c> 30</c><00:23:20.720><c> ft</c><00:23:20.960><c> per</c>

00:23:21.190 --> 00:23:21.200 align:start position:0%
40 lb rocket descending at 30 ft per

00:23:21.200 --> 00:23:24.470 align:start position:0%
40 lb rocket descending at 30 ft per
second,<00:23:21.520><c> has</c><00:23:21.760><c> about</c><00:23:22.400><c> 749</c><00:23:23.520><c> jewels</c><00:23:23.840><c> of</c><00:23:24.000><c> energy,</c>

00:23:24.470 --> 00:23:24.480 align:start position:0%
second, has about 749 jewels of energy,

00:23:24.480 --> 00:23:25.350 align:start position:0%
second, has about 749 jewels of energy,
>> more<00:23:24.640><c> than</c><00:23:24.720><c> the</c><00:23:24.880><c> bullet,</c>

00:23:25.350 --> 00:23:25.360 align:start position:0%
>> more than the bullet,

00:23:25.360 --> 00:23:28.070 align:start position:0%
>> more than the bullet,
>> slightly<00:23:25.760><c> more</c><00:23:26.000><c> impact</c><00:23:26.400><c> energy</c><00:23:26.720><c> than</c><00:23:26.880><c> the</c><00:23:27.360><c> 357</c>

00:23:28.070 --> 00:23:28.080 align:start position:0%
>> slightly more impact energy than the 357

00:23:28.080 --> 00:23:30.310 align:start position:0%
>> slightly more impact energy than the 357
Magnum<00:23:28.480><c> bullet.</c><00:23:29.200><c> That's</c><00:23:29.520><c> why</c><00:23:29.760><c> a</c><00:23:30.000><c> falling</c>

00:23:30.310 --> 00:23:30.320 align:start position:0%
Magnum bullet. That's why a falling

00:23:30.320 --> 00:23:31.750 align:start position:0%
Magnum bullet. That's why a falling
rocket,<00:23:30.720><c> even</c><00:23:30.960><c> one</c><00:23:31.039><c> that</c><00:23:31.280><c> doesn't</c><00:23:31.440><c> look</c><00:23:31.600><c> like</c>

00:23:31.750 --> 00:23:31.760 align:start position:0%
rocket, even one that doesn't look like

00:23:31.760 --> 00:23:33.669 align:start position:0%
rocket, even one that doesn't look like
it's<00:23:32.000><c> moving</c><00:23:32.159><c> that</c><00:23:32.480><c> fast,</c><00:23:32.960><c> is</c><00:23:33.200><c> incredibly</c>

00:23:33.669 --> 00:23:33.679 align:start position:0%
it's moving that fast, is incredibly

00:23:33.679 --> 00:23:35.669 align:start position:0%
it's moving that fast, is incredibly
dangerous.<00:23:34.400><c> It</c><00:23:34.720><c> really</c><00:23:34.960><c> underscores</c><00:23:35.520><c> why</c>

00:23:35.669 --> 00:23:35.679 align:start position:0%
dangerous. It really underscores why

00:23:35.679 --> 00:23:37.990 align:start position:0%
dangerous. It really underscores why
these<00:23:35.919><c> safety</c><00:23:36.240><c> measures,</c><00:23:37.039><c> reliable</c><00:23:37.600><c> recovery</c>

00:23:37.990 --> 00:23:38.000 align:start position:0%
these safety measures, reliable recovery

00:23:38.000 --> 00:23:39.510 align:start position:0%
these safety measures, reliable recovery
systems,<00:23:38.400><c> and</c><00:23:38.559><c> adequate</c><00:23:39.039><c> launch</c><00:23:39.280><c> site</c>

00:23:39.510 --> 00:23:39.520 align:start position:0%
systems, and adequate launch site

00:23:39.520 --> 00:23:41.430 align:start position:0%
systems, and adequate launch site
dimensions<00:23:40.320><c> are</c><00:23:40.640><c> absolutely</c>

00:23:41.430 --> 00:23:41.440 align:start position:0%
dimensions are absolutely

00:23:41.440 --> 00:23:42.630 align:start position:0%
dimensions are absolutely
non-negotiable.

00:23:42.630 --> 00:23:42.640 align:start position:0%
non-negotiable.

00:23:42.640 --> 00:23:44.630 align:start position:0%
non-negotiable.
>> That<00:23:42.960><c> comparison</c><00:23:43.440><c> truly</c><00:23:43.760><c> paints</c><00:23:44.080><c> a</c><00:23:44.240><c> powerful</c>

00:23:44.630 --> 00:23:44.640 align:start position:0%
>> That comparison truly paints a powerful

00:23:44.640 --> 00:23:47.830 align:start position:0%
>> That comparison truly paints a powerful
picture.<00:23:45.520><c> Okay,</c><00:23:45.840><c> so</c><00:23:46.080><c> we've</c><00:23:46.320><c> covered</c><00:23:47.120><c> motors,</c>

00:23:47.830 --> 00:23:47.840 align:start position:0%
picture. Okay, so we've covered motors,

00:23:47.840 --> 00:23:51.270 align:start position:0%
picture. Okay, so we've covered motors,
rules,<00:23:48.400><c> launch</c><00:23:48.720><c> sites,</c><00:23:49.360><c> recovery</c><00:23:49.919><c> failures.</c>

00:23:51.270 --> 00:23:51.280 align:start position:0%
rules, launch sites, recovery failures.

00:23:51.280 --> 00:23:53.110 align:start position:0%
rules, launch sites, recovery failures.
Let's<00:23:51.600><c> get</c><00:23:51.760><c> to</c><00:23:51.919><c> the</c><00:23:52.159><c> fundamental</c><00:23:52.640><c> physics</c><00:23:52.960><c> of</c>

00:23:53.110 --> 00:23:53.120 align:start position:0%
Let's get to the fundamental physics of

00:23:53.120 --> 00:23:54.950 align:start position:0%
Let's get to the fundamental physics of
why<00:23:53.280><c> a</c><00:23:53.520><c> well-built</c><00:23:54.080><c> rocket</c><00:23:54.400><c> flies</c><00:23:54.720><c> straight</c>

00:23:54.950 --> 00:23:54.960 align:start position:0%
why a well-built rocket flies straight

00:23:54.960 --> 00:23:56.470 align:start position:0%
why a well-built rocket flies straight
in<00:23:55.120><c> the</c><00:23:55.280><c> first</c><00:23:55.440><c> place</c><00:23:55.919><c> instead</c><00:23:56.240><c> of</c><00:23:56.320><c> just</c>

00:23:56.470 --> 00:23:56.480 align:start position:0%
in the first place instead of just

00:23:56.480 --> 00:23:58.390 align:start position:0%
in the first place instead of just
tumbling<00:23:56.960><c> end</c><00:23:57.200><c> over</c><00:23:57.520><c> end.</c><00:23:57.760><c> It</c><00:23:57.919><c> all</c><00:23:58.080><c> comes</c><00:23:58.240><c> down</c>

00:23:58.390 --> 00:23:58.400 align:start position:0%
tumbling end over end. It all comes down

00:23:58.400 --> 00:23:59.430 align:start position:0%
tumbling end over end. It all comes down
to<00:23:58.559><c> stability,</c><00:23:59.039><c> right?</c>

00:23:59.430 --> 00:23:59.440 align:start position:0%
to stability, right?

00:23:59.440 --> 00:24:01.190 align:start position:0%
to stability, right?
>> Exactly.<00:24:00.000><c> Stability</c><00:24:00.400><c> is</c><00:24:00.640><c> the</c><00:24:00.799><c> absolute</c>

00:24:01.190 --> 00:24:01.200 align:start position:0%
>> Exactly. Stability is the absolute

00:24:01.200 --> 00:24:04.310 align:start position:0%
>> Exactly. Stability is the absolute
cornerstone<00:24:02.159><c> of</c><00:24:02.640><c> successful</c><00:24:03.200><c> rocket</c><00:24:03.600><c> flight.</c>

00:24:04.310 --> 00:24:04.320 align:start position:0%
cornerstone of successful rocket flight.

00:24:04.320 --> 00:24:06.149 align:start position:0%
cornerstone of successful rocket flight.
Without<00:24:04.640><c> it,</c><00:24:05.039><c> nothing</c><00:24:05.360><c> else</c><00:24:05.600><c> matters.</c>

00:24:06.149 --> 00:24:06.159 align:start position:0%
Without it, nothing else matters.

00:24:06.159 --> 00:24:07.669 align:start position:0%
Without it, nothing else matters.
>> So<00:24:06.320><c> what's</c><00:24:06.480><c> the</c><00:24:06.640><c> golden</c><00:24:06.960><c> rule?</c>

00:24:07.669 --> 00:24:07.679 align:start position:0%
>> So what's the golden rule?

00:24:07.679 --> 00:24:09.270 align:start position:0%
>> So what's the golden rule?
>> The<00:24:07.840><c> fundamental</c><00:24:08.320><c> principle</c><00:24:08.640><c> for</c><00:24:08.799><c> a</c><00:24:08.960><c> stable</c>

00:24:09.270 --> 00:24:09.280 align:start position:0%
>> The fundamental principle for a stable

00:24:09.280 --> 00:24:11.350 align:start position:0%
>> The fundamental principle for a stable
rocket<00:24:09.520><c> flight</c><00:24:09.760><c> is</c><00:24:10.000><c> this.</c><00:24:10.720><c> The</c><00:24:10.960><c> center</c><00:24:11.200><c> of</c>

00:24:11.350 --> 00:24:11.360 align:start position:0%
rocket flight is this. The center of

00:24:11.360 --> 00:24:14.230 align:start position:0%
rocket flight is this. The center of
pressure<00:24:12.000><c> CP</c><00:24:13.039><c> must</c><00:24:13.279><c> always</c><00:24:13.600><c> be</c><00:24:13.840><c> located</c>

00:24:14.230 --> 00:24:14.240 align:start position:0%
pressure CP must always be located

00:24:14.240 --> 00:24:17.750 align:start position:0%
pressure CP must always be located
behind<00:24:14.880><c> or</c><00:24:15.279><c> aft</c><00:24:15.600><c> of</c><00:24:16.320><c> the</c><00:24:16.559><c> center</c><00:24:16.799><c> of</c><00:24:16.960><c> gravity.</c>

00:24:17.750 --> 00:24:17.760 align:start position:0%
behind or aft of the center of gravity.

00:24:17.760 --> 00:24:19.830 align:start position:0%
behind or aft of the center of gravity.
>> CP<00:24:18.240><c> behind</c><00:24:18.559><c> CG.</c><00:24:19.039><c> Can</c><00:24:19.200><c> you</c><00:24:19.279><c> break</c><00:24:19.440><c> that</c><00:24:19.600><c> down?</c>

00:24:19.830 --> 00:24:19.840 align:start position:0%
>> CP behind CG. Can you break that down?

00:24:19.840 --> 00:24:21.350 align:start position:0%
>> CP behind CG. Can you break that down?
What<00:24:20.000><c> are</c><00:24:20.240><c> CP</c><00:24:20.559><c> and</c><00:24:20.799><c> CG?</c>

00:24:21.350 --> 00:24:21.360 align:start position:0%
What are CP and CG?

00:24:21.360 --> 00:24:23.190 align:start position:0%
What are CP and CG?
>> Sure.<00:24:21.760><c> The</c><00:24:21.919><c> center</c><00:24:22.080><c> of</c><00:24:22.240><c> gravity</c><00:24:22.640><c> CG</c><00:24:23.039><c> is</c>

00:24:23.190 --> 00:24:23.200 align:start position:0%
>> Sure. The center of gravity CG is

00:24:23.200 --> 00:24:24.630 align:start position:0%
>> Sure. The center of gravity CG is
basically<00:24:23.520><c> the</c><00:24:23.760><c> balance</c><00:24:24.159><c> point</c><00:24:24.320><c> of</c><00:24:24.480><c> the</c>

00:24:24.630 --> 00:24:24.640 align:start position:0%
basically the balance point of the

00:24:24.640 --> 00:24:26.630 align:start position:0%
basically the balance point of the
rocket.<00:24:25.039><c> If</c><00:24:25.200><c> you</c><00:24:25.360><c> could</c><00:24:25.440><c> balance</c><00:24:25.760><c> the</c><00:24:26.000><c> entire</c>

00:24:26.630 --> 00:24:26.640 align:start position:0%
rocket. If you could balance the entire

00:24:26.640 --> 00:24:28.870 align:start position:0%
rocket. If you could balance the entire
flight<00:24:26.960><c> ready</c><00:24:27.360><c> rocket</c><00:24:27.679><c> on</c><00:24:27.840><c> your</c><00:24:28.000><c> finger,</c><00:24:28.640><c> that</c>

00:24:28.870 --> 00:24:28.880 align:start position:0%
flight ready rocket on your finger, that

00:24:28.880 --> 00:24:30.710 align:start position:0%
flight ready rocket on your finger, that
point<00:24:29.039><c> is</c><00:24:29.279><c> the</c><00:24:29.440><c> CG.</c><00:24:29.840><c> It's</c><00:24:30.000><c> where</c><00:24:30.080><c> all</c><00:24:30.240><c> the</c><00:24:30.400><c> mass</c>

00:24:30.710 --> 00:24:30.720 align:start position:0%
point is the CG. It's where all the mass

00:24:30.720 --> 00:24:32.149 align:start position:0%
point is the CG. It's where all the mass
is<00:24:30.880><c> effectively</c><00:24:31.440><c> centered.</c>

00:24:32.149 --> 00:24:32.159 align:start position:0%
is effectively centered.

00:24:32.159 --> 00:24:34.710 align:start position:0%
is effectively centered.
>> Okay.<00:24:32.480><c> Balance</c><00:24:32.880><c> point.</c><00:24:33.200><c> Got</c><00:24:33.360><c> it.</c><00:24:34.080><c> And</c><00:24:34.400><c> center</c>

00:24:34.710 --> 00:24:34.720 align:start position:0%
>> Okay. Balance point. Got it. And center

00:24:34.720 --> 00:24:35.590 align:start position:0%
>> Okay. Balance point. Got it. And center
of<00:24:34.960><c> pressure.</c>

00:24:35.590 --> 00:24:35.600 align:start position:0%
of pressure.

00:24:35.600 --> 00:24:38.390 align:start position:0%
of pressure.
>> The<00:24:35.760><c> center</c><00:24:36.000><c> of</c><00:24:36.159><c> pressure,</c><00:24:36.640><c> CP,</c><00:24:37.440><c> is</c><00:24:38.000><c> a</c><00:24:38.240><c> bit</c>

00:24:38.390 --> 00:24:38.400 align:start position:0%
>> The center of pressure, CP, is a bit

00:24:38.400 --> 00:24:40.630 align:start position:0%
>> The center of pressure, CP, is a bit
more<00:24:38.559><c> abstract.</c><00:24:39.520><c> It's</c><00:24:39.840><c> the</c><00:24:40.080><c> point</c><00:24:40.320><c> where</c><00:24:40.480><c> all</c>

00:24:40.630 --> 00:24:40.640 align:start position:0%
more abstract. It's the point where all

00:24:40.640 --> 00:24:42.470 align:start position:0%
more abstract. It's the point where all
the<00:24:40.799><c> aerodynamic</c><00:24:41.440><c> forces</c><00:24:41.840><c> acting</c><00:24:42.159><c> on</c><00:24:42.320><c> the</c>

00:24:42.470 --> 00:24:42.480 align:start position:0%
the aerodynamic forces acting on the

00:24:42.480 --> 00:24:44.470 align:start position:0%
the aerodynamic forces acting on the
rocket<00:24:42.880><c> effectively</c><00:24:43.520><c> balance</c><00:24:43.919><c> out</c><00:24:44.159><c> as</c><00:24:44.320><c> it</c>

00:24:44.470 --> 00:24:44.480 align:start position:0%
rocket effectively balance out as it

00:24:44.480 --> 00:24:46.070 align:start position:0%
rocket effectively balance out as it
moves<00:24:44.720><c> through</c><00:24:44.960><c> the</c><00:24:45.120><c> air.</c><00:24:45.520><c> Think</c><00:24:45.679><c> of</c><00:24:45.840><c> it</c><00:24:45.919><c> as</c>

00:24:46.070 --> 00:24:46.080 align:start position:0%
moves through the air. Think of it as

00:24:46.080 --> 00:24:48.710 align:start position:0%
moves through the air. Think of it as
the<00:24:46.240><c> aerodynamic</c><00:24:46.960><c> center.</c><00:24:47.360><c> The</c><00:24:47.600><c> fins,</c><00:24:48.559><c> the</c>

00:24:48.710 --> 00:24:48.720 align:start position:0%
the aerodynamic center. The fins, the

00:24:48.720 --> 00:24:51.430 align:start position:0%
the aerodynamic center. The fins, the
nose<00:24:49.120><c> cone</c><00:24:49.440><c> shape,</c><00:24:50.159><c> the</c><00:24:50.400><c> body</c><00:24:50.640><c> tube</c><00:24:51.039><c> surface</c>

00:24:51.430 --> 00:24:51.440 align:start position:0%
nose cone shape, the body tube surface

00:24:51.440 --> 00:24:53.190 align:start position:0%
nose cone shape, the body tube surface
area,<00:24:51.840><c> they</c><00:24:52.080><c> all</c><00:24:52.320><c> contribute</c><00:24:52.720><c> to</c><00:24:52.880><c> where</c><00:24:53.039><c> the</c>

00:24:53.190 --> 00:24:53.200 align:start position:0%
area, they all contribute to where the

00:24:53.200 --> 00:24:56.870 align:start position:0%
area, they all contribute to where the
CP<00:24:53.600><c> is</c><00:24:53.760><c> located.</c><00:24:54.320><c> So</c><00:24:54.720><c> CG</c><00:24:55.120><c> is</c><00:24:55.279><c> about</c><00:24:55.520><c> mass.</c><00:24:56.480><c> CP</c>

00:24:56.870 --> 00:24:56.880 align:start position:0%
CP is located. So CG is about mass. CP

00:24:56.880 --> 00:24:58.870 align:start position:0%
CP is located. So CG is about mass. CP
is<00:24:57.120><c> about</c><00:24:57.279><c> air</c><00:24:57.520><c> forces.</c><00:24:58.240><c> And</c><00:24:58.400><c> you</c><00:24:58.559><c> need</c><00:24:58.640><c> the</c>

00:24:58.870 --> 00:24:58.880 align:start position:0%
is about air forces. And you need the

00:24:58.880 --> 00:25:01.269 align:start position:0%
is about air forces. And you need the
air<00:24:59.120><c> force's</c><00:24:59.600><c> point</c><00:25:00.000><c> CP</c><00:25:00.559><c> behind</c><00:25:00.880><c> the</c><00:25:01.039><c> mass</c>

00:25:01.269 --> 00:25:01.279 align:start position:0%
air force's point CP behind the mass

00:25:01.279 --> 00:25:02.710 align:start position:0%
air force's point CP behind the mass
point<00:25:01.600><c> CG.</c><00:25:02.159><c> Why?</c>

00:25:02.710 --> 00:25:02.720 align:start position:0%
point CG. Why?

00:25:02.720 --> 00:25:04.470 align:start position:0%
point CG. Why?
>> Think<00:25:02.880><c> of</c><00:25:02.960><c> it</c><00:25:03.120><c> like</c><00:25:03.279><c> a</c><00:25:03.440><c> weather</c><00:25:03.679><c> vein</c><00:25:04.000><c> or</c><00:25:04.320><c> an</c>

00:25:04.470 --> 00:25:04.480 align:start position:0%
>> Think of it like a weather vein or an

00:25:04.480 --> 00:25:06.870 align:start position:0%
>> Think of it like a weather vein or an
arrow.<00:25:05.120><c> An</c><00:25:05.360><c> arrow</c><00:25:05.679><c> has</c><00:25:05.840><c> a</c><00:25:06.000><c> heavy</c><00:25:06.320><c> point</c><00:25:06.640><c> like</c>

00:25:06.870 --> 00:25:06.880 align:start position:0%
arrow. An arrow has a heavy point like

00:25:06.880 --> 00:25:09.110 align:start position:0%
arrow. An arrow has a heavy point like
the<00:25:07.039><c> CG</c><00:25:07.679><c> and</c><00:25:07.919><c> feathers</c><00:25:08.240><c> at</c><00:25:08.400><c> the</c><00:25:08.480><c> back</c><00:25:08.799><c> which</c>

00:25:09.110 --> 00:25:09.120 align:start position:0%
the CG and feathers at the back which

00:25:09.120 --> 00:25:11.669 align:start position:0%
the CG and feathers at the back which
generate<00:25:09.440><c> aerodynamic</c><00:25:10.159><c> force</c><00:25:10.400><c> like</c><00:25:10.559><c> the</c><00:25:10.720><c> CP.</c>

00:25:11.669 --> 00:25:11.679 align:start position:0%
generate aerodynamic force like the CP.

00:25:11.679 --> 00:25:13.590 align:start position:0%
generate aerodynamic force like the CP.
If<00:25:11.840><c> the</c><00:25:12.000><c> arrow</c><00:25:12.320><c> starts</c><00:25:12.559><c> to</c><00:25:12.720><c> turn</c><00:25:12.960><c> sideways</c><00:25:13.360><c> to</c>

00:25:13.590 --> 00:25:13.600 align:start position:0%
If the arrow starts to turn sideways to

00:25:13.600 --> 00:25:15.510 align:start position:0%
If the arrow starts to turn sideways to
the<00:25:13.760><c> wind,</c><00:25:14.159><c> the</c><00:25:14.400><c> wind</c><00:25:14.640><c> pushes</c><00:25:14.960><c> harder</c><00:25:15.279><c> on</c><00:25:15.440><c> the</c>

00:25:15.510 --> 00:25:15.520 align:start position:0%
the wind, the wind pushes harder on the

00:25:15.520 --> 00:25:16.390 align:start position:0%
the wind, the wind pushes harder on the
feathers<00:25:15.840><c> at</c><00:25:16.000><c> the</c><00:25:16.080><c> back.</c>

00:25:16.390 --> 00:25:16.400 align:start position:0%
feathers at the back.

00:25:16.400 --> 00:25:18.149 align:start position:0%
feathers at the back.
>> Right.<00:25:16.720><c> Pushing</c><00:25:16.880><c> the</c><00:25:17.039><c> tail</c><00:25:17.279><c> back</c><00:25:17.520><c> downwind.</c>

00:25:18.149 --> 00:25:18.159 align:start position:0%
>> Right. Pushing the tail back downwind.

00:25:18.159 --> 00:25:19.990 align:start position:0%
>> Right. Pushing the tail back downwind.
>> Exactly.<00:25:18.640><c> That</c><00:25:18.880><c> push</c><00:25:19.200><c> creates</c><00:25:19.440><c> a</c><00:25:19.600><c> restoring</c>

00:25:19.990 --> 00:25:20.000 align:start position:0%
>> Exactly. That push creates a restoring

00:25:20.000 --> 00:25:21.430 align:start position:0%
>> Exactly. That push creates a restoring
force<00:25:20.320><c> that</c><00:25:20.480><c> automatically</c><00:25:21.039><c> corrects</c><00:25:21.279><c> the</c>

00:25:21.430 --> 00:25:21.440 align:start position:0%
force that automatically corrects the

00:25:21.440 --> 00:25:23.350 align:start position:0%
force that automatically corrects the
arrows<00:25:21.919><c> flight,</c><00:25:22.320><c> keeping</c><00:25:22.559><c> it</c><00:25:22.799><c> pointed</c><00:25:23.120><c> into</c>

00:25:23.350 --> 00:25:23.360 align:start position:0%
arrows flight, keeping it pointed into

00:25:23.360 --> 00:25:25.750 align:start position:0%
arrows flight, keeping it pointed into
the<00:25:23.520><c> relative</c><00:25:23.840><c> wind.</c><00:25:24.720><c> A</c><00:25:24.960><c> rocket</c><00:25:25.360><c> works</c><00:25:25.520><c> the</c>

00:25:25.750 --> 00:25:25.760 align:start position:0%
the relative wind. A rocket works the

00:25:25.760 --> 00:25:28.390 align:start position:0%
the relative wind. A rocket works the
same<00:25:25.919><c> way.</c><00:25:26.480><c> If</c><00:25:26.640><c> the</c><00:25:26.799><c> CP</c><00:25:27.120><c> is</c><00:25:27.279><c> behind</c><00:25:27.520><c> the</c><00:25:27.679><c> CG,</c>

00:25:28.390 --> 00:25:28.400 align:start position:0%
same way. If the CP is behind the CG,

00:25:28.400 --> 00:25:30.149 align:start position:0%
same way. If the CP is behind the CG,
any<00:25:28.720><c> slight</c><00:25:29.120><c> deviation</c><00:25:29.520><c> from</c><00:25:29.840><c> flying</c>

00:25:30.149 --> 00:25:30.159 align:start position:0%
any slight deviation from flying

00:25:30.159 --> 00:25:32.230 align:start position:0%
any slight deviation from flying
straight<00:25:30.799><c> creates</c><00:25:31.039><c> an</c><00:25:31.200><c> aerodynamic</c><00:25:31.840><c> force</c><00:25:32.080><c> on</c>

00:25:32.230 --> 00:25:32.240 align:start position:0%
straight creates an aerodynamic force on

00:25:32.240 --> 00:25:34.230 align:start position:0%
straight creates an aerodynamic force on
the<00:25:32.320><c> fins</c><00:25:32.640><c> and</c><00:25:32.799><c> a</c><00:25:32.880><c> half</c><00:25:33.120><c> body</c><00:25:33.520><c> that</c><00:25:33.760><c> pushes</c><00:25:34.080><c> the</c>

00:25:34.230 --> 00:25:34.240 align:start position:0%
the fins and a half body that pushes the

00:25:34.240 --> 00:25:35.990 align:start position:0%
the fins and a half body that pushes the
tail<00:25:34.480><c> back</c><00:25:34.640><c> in</c><00:25:34.880><c> line,</c><00:25:35.279><c> stabilizing</c><00:25:35.840><c> the</c>

00:25:35.990 --> 00:25:36.000 align:start position:0%
tail back in line, stabilizing the

00:25:36.000 --> 00:25:36.549 align:start position:0%
tail back in line, stabilizing the
flight.

00:25:36.549 --> 00:25:36.559 align:start position:0%
flight.

00:25:36.559 --> 00:25:38.710 align:start position:0%
flight.
>> Makes<00:25:36.799><c> perfect</c><00:25:37.120><c> sense.</c><00:25:37.919><c> Is</c><00:25:38.159><c> there</c><00:25:38.320><c> a</c><00:25:38.400><c> rule</c><00:25:38.559><c> of</c>

00:25:38.710 --> 00:25:38.720 align:start position:0%
>> Makes perfect sense. Is there a rule of

00:25:38.720 --> 00:25:41.590 align:start position:0%
>> Makes perfect sense. Is there a rule of
thumb<00:25:38.960><c> for</c><00:25:39.200><c> how</c><00:25:39.440><c> far</c><00:25:39.679><c> back</c><00:25:40.159><c> the</c><00:25:40.400><c> CP</c><00:25:40.880><c> should</c><00:25:41.039><c> be?</c>

00:25:41.590 --> 00:25:41.600 align:start position:0%
thumb for how far back the CP should be?

00:25:41.600 --> 00:25:43.750 align:start position:0%
thumb for how far back the CP should be?
>> There<00:25:41.840><c> is.</c><00:25:42.480><c> The</c><00:25:42.720><c> common</c><00:25:43.039><c> guideline</c><00:25:43.440><c> is</c><00:25:43.679><c> that</c>

00:25:43.750 --> 00:25:43.760 align:start position:0%
>> There is. The common guideline is that

00:25:43.760 --> 00:25:46.149 align:start position:0%
>> There is. The common guideline is that
the<00:25:43.919><c> CP</c><00:25:44.320><c> should</c><00:25:44.559><c> be</c><00:25:44.640><c> at</c><00:25:44.720><c> least</c><00:25:45.120><c> 1.0</c><00:25:45.679><c> 0</c><00:25:45.919><c> body</c>

00:25:46.149 --> 00:25:46.159 align:start position:0%
the CP should be at least 1.0 0 body

00:25:46.159 --> 00:25:48.549 align:start position:0%
the CP should be at least 1.0 0 body
tube<00:25:46.480><c> diameters</c><00:25:46.960><c> behind</c><00:25:47.279><c> the</c><00:25:47.440><c> CG.</c><00:25:48.320><c> This</c>

00:25:48.549 --> 00:25:48.559 align:start position:0%
tube diameters behind the CG. This

00:25:48.559 --> 00:25:50.789 align:start position:0%
tube diameters behind the CG. This
distance<00:25:48.880><c> is</c><00:25:49.039><c> called</c><00:25:49.200><c> the</c><00:25:49.360><c> static</c><00:25:49.760><c> margin.</c>

00:25:50.789 --> 00:25:50.799 align:start position:0%
distance is called the static margin.

00:25:50.799 --> 00:25:52.630 align:start position:0%
distance is called the static margin.
One<00:25:51.120><c> diameter</c><00:25:51.600><c> is</c><00:25:51.840><c> generally</c><00:25:52.240><c> considered</c>

00:25:52.630 --> 00:25:52.640 align:start position:0%
One diameter is generally considered

00:25:52.640 --> 00:25:55.190 align:start position:0%
One diameter is generally considered
stable.<00:25:53.039><c> Maybe</c><00:25:53.360><c> 1.5</c><00:25:54.159><c> 2</c><00:25:54.320><c> diameters</c><00:25:54.799><c> is</c><00:25:55.039><c> even</c>

00:25:55.190 --> 00:25:55.200 align:start position:0%
stable. Maybe 1.5 2 diameters is even

00:25:55.200 --> 00:25:57.430 align:start position:0%
stable. Maybe 1.5 2 diameters is even
better,<00:25:55.679><c> especially</c><00:25:56.080><c> for</c><00:25:56.320><c> larger</c><00:25:56.640><c> rockets.</c>

00:25:57.430 --> 00:25:57.440 align:start position:0%
better, especially for larger rockets.

00:25:57.440 --> 00:25:59.350 align:start position:0%
better, especially for larger rockets.
>> One<00:25:57.760><c> body</c><00:25:58.080><c> tube</c><00:25:58.400><c> diameter</c><00:25:58.880><c> minimum</c>

00:25:59.350 --> 00:25:59.360 align:start position:0%
>> One body tube diameter minimum

00:25:59.360 --> 00:26:02.070 align:start position:0%
>> One body tube diameter minimum
separation<00:25:59.840><c> between</c><00:26:00.240><c> CG</c><00:26:00.640><c> and</c><00:26:00.880><c> CP.</c>

00:26:02.070 --> 00:26:02.080 align:start position:0%
separation between CG and CP.

00:26:02.080 --> 00:26:04.230 align:start position:0%
separation between CG and CP.
>> Okay.<00:26:02.640><c> So,</c><00:26:02.960><c> how</c><00:26:03.120><c> do</c><00:26:03.360><c> rocketeers</c><00:26:04.000><c> actually</c>

00:26:04.230 --> 00:26:04.240 align:start position:0%
>> Okay. So, how do rocketeers actually

00:26:04.240 --> 00:26:05.990 align:start position:0%
>> Okay. So, how do rocketeers actually
figure<00:26:04.559><c> out</c><00:26:04.720><c> where</c><00:26:04.960><c> these</c><00:26:05.200><c> invisible</c><00:26:05.679><c> points</c>

00:26:05.990 --> 00:26:06.000 align:start position:0%
figure out where these invisible points

00:26:06.000 --> 00:26:07.830 align:start position:0%
figure out where these invisible points
are<00:26:06.240><c> before</c><00:26:06.559><c> they</c><00:26:06.720><c> launch?</c><00:26:07.360><c> You</c><00:26:07.520><c> can't</c><00:26:07.679><c> just</c>

00:26:07.830 --> 00:26:07.840 align:start position:0%
are before they launch? You can't just

00:26:07.840 --> 00:26:08.470 align:start position:0%
are before they launch? You can't just
guess,<00:26:08.159><c> right?</c>

00:26:08.470 --> 00:26:08.480 align:start position:0%
guess, right?

00:26:08.480 --> 00:26:10.390 align:start position:0%
guess, right?
>> Definitely<00:26:08.799><c> don't</c><00:26:08.960><c> guess.</c><00:26:09.440><c> They</c><00:26:09.679><c> estimate</c><00:26:10.080><c> it</c>

00:26:10.390 --> 00:26:10.400 align:start position:0%
>> Definitely don't guess. They estimate it

00:26:10.400 --> 00:26:12.549 align:start position:0%
>> Definitely don't guess. They estimate it
usually<00:26:10.720><c> using</c><00:26:11.039><c> a</c><00:26:11.200><c> combination</c><00:26:11.600><c> of</c><00:26:11.840><c> methods.</c>

00:26:12.549 --> 00:26:12.559 align:start position:0%
usually using a combination of methods.

00:26:12.559 --> 00:26:14.230 align:start position:0%
usually using a combination of methods.
for<00:26:12.720><c> the</c><00:26:12.880><c> center</c><00:26:13.120><c> of</c><00:26:13.279><c> pressure</c><00:26:13.600><c> CP.</c>

00:26:14.230 --> 00:26:14.240 align:start position:0%
for the center of pressure CP.

00:26:14.240 --> 00:26:15.830 align:start position:0%
for the center of pressure CP.
Historically,<00:26:14.799><c> people</c><00:26:15.120><c> use</c><00:26:15.360><c> complex</c>

00:26:15.830 --> 00:26:15.840 align:start position:0%
Historically, people use complex

00:26:15.840 --> 00:26:17.110 align:start position:0%
Historically, people use complex
mathematical<00:26:16.400><c> formulas</c><00:26:16.799><c> called</c><00:26:16.960><c> the</c>

00:26:17.110 --> 00:26:17.120 align:start position:0%
mathematical formulas called the

00:26:17.120 --> 00:26:19.110 align:start position:0%
mathematical formulas called the
Barrowman<00:26:17.679><c> equations.</c><00:26:18.559><c> They're</c><00:26:18.880><c> quite</c>

00:26:19.110 --> 00:26:19.120 align:start position:0%
Barrowman equations. They're quite

00:26:19.120 --> 00:26:20.789 align:start position:0%
Barrowman equations. They're quite
involved,<00:26:19.520><c> but</c><00:26:19.760><c> predict</c><00:26:20.080><c> aerodynamic</c>

00:26:20.789 --> 00:26:20.799 align:start position:0%
involved, but predict aerodynamic

00:26:20.799 --> 00:26:21.430 align:start position:0%
involved, but predict aerodynamic
forces.

00:26:21.430 --> 00:26:21.440 align:start position:0%
forces.

00:26:21.440 --> 00:26:23.590 align:start position:0%
forces.
>> Okay.<00:26:21.840><c> Math.</c><00:26:22.480><c> Any</c><00:26:22.799><c> simpler</c><00:26:23.120><c> ways?</c>

00:26:23.590 --> 00:26:23.600 align:start position:0%
>> Okay. Math. Any simpler ways?

00:26:23.600 --> 00:26:25.269 align:start position:0%
>> Okay. Math. Any simpler ways?
>> There's<00:26:23.760><c> a</c><00:26:23.919><c> simpler</c><00:26:24.400><c> classic</c><00:26:24.799><c> method</c><00:26:25.120><c> called</c>

00:26:25.269 --> 00:26:25.279 align:start position:0%
>> There's a simpler classic method called

00:26:25.279 --> 00:26:27.029 align:start position:0%
>> There's a simpler classic method called
the<00:26:25.520><c> cardboard</c><00:26:25.919><c> cutout</c><00:26:26.400><c> method.</c><00:26:26.880><c> You</c>

00:26:27.029 --> 00:26:27.039 align:start position:0%
the cardboard cutout method. You

00:26:27.039 --> 00:26:28.870 align:start position:0%
the cardboard cutout method. You
basically<00:26:27.440><c> trace</c><00:26:27.760><c> the</c><00:26:28.000><c> side</c><00:26:28.240><c> profile</c><00:26:28.559><c> of</c><00:26:28.720><c> your</c>

00:26:28.870 --> 00:26:28.880 align:start position:0%
basically trace the side profile of your

00:26:28.880 --> 00:26:30.870 align:start position:0%
basically trace the side profile of your
rocket<00:26:29.200><c> onto</c><00:26:29.520><c> cardboard,</c><00:26:30.080><c> cut</c><00:26:30.240><c> it</c><00:26:30.400><c> out,</c><00:26:30.640><c> and</c>

00:26:30.870 --> 00:26:30.880 align:start position:0%
rocket onto cardboard, cut it out, and

00:26:30.880 --> 00:26:33.190 align:start position:0%
rocket onto cardboard, cut it out, and
find<00:26:31.039><c> the</c><00:26:31.279><c> balance</c><00:26:31.600><c> point</c><00:26:31.760><c> of</c><00:26:31.919><c> that</c><00:26:32.080><c> 2D</c><00:26:32.480><c> shape.</c>

00:26:33.190 --> 00:26:33.200 align:start position:0%
find the balance point of that 2D shape.

00:26:33.200 --> 00:26:35.029 align:start position:0%
find the balance point of that 2D shape.
That<00:26:33.440><c> gives</c><00:26:33.600><c> you</c><00:26:33.760><c> a</c><00:26:34.080><c> surprisingly</c><00:26:34.720><c> decent</c>

00:26:35.029 --> 00:26:35.039 align:start position:0%
That gives you a surprisingly decent

00:26:35.039 --> 00:26:36.070 align:start position:0%
That gives you a surprisingly decent
estimate<00:26:35.360><c> of</c><00:26:35.440><c> the</c><00:26:35.600><c> CP.</c>

00:26:36.070 --> 00:26:36.080 align:start position:0%
estimate of the CP.

00:26:36.080 --> 00:26:38.070 align:start position:0%
estimate of the CP.
>> Huh.<00:26:36.400><c> Clever</c><00:26:36.640><c> low</c><00:26:36.880><c> tech</c><00:26:37.120><c> method.</c><00:26:37.600><c> It</c><00:26:37.840><c> works</c>

00:26:38.070 --> 00:26:38.080 align:start position:0%
>> Huh. Clever low tech method. It works

00:26:38.080 --> 00:26:40.070 align:start position:0%
>> Huh. Clever low tech method. It works
reasonably<00:26:38.480><c> well.</c><00:26:38.880><c> But</c><00:26:39.039><c> today,</c><00:26:39.440><c> most</c><00:26:39.679><c> serious</c>

00:26:40.070 --> 00:26:40.080 align:start position:0%
reasonably well. But today, most serious

00:26:40.080 --> 00:26:42.149 align:start position:0%
reasonably well. But today, most serious
rocketeers<00:26:40.720><c> use</c><00:26:40.960><c> sophisticated</c><00:26:41.760><c> computer</c>

00:26:42.149 --> 00:26:42.159 align:start position:0%
rocketeers use sophisticated computer

00:26:42.159 --> 00:26:44.310 align:start position:0%
rocketeers use sophisticated computer
simulation<00:26:42.720><c> software.</c><00:26:43.520><c> You</c><00:26:43.760><c> input</c><00:26:44.080><c> the</c>

00:26:44.310 --> 00:26:44.320 align:start position:0%
simulation software. You input the

00:26:44.320 --> 00:26:46.789 align:start position:0%
simulation software. You input the
rocket's<00:26:44.720><c> dimensions,</c><00:26:45.440><c> fin</c><00:26:45.760><c> shapes,</c><00:26:46.480><c> nose</c>

00:26:46.789 --> 00:26:46.799 align:start position:0%
rocket's dimensions, fin shapes, nose

00:26:46.799 --> 00:26:48.789 align:start position:0%
rocket's dimensions, fin shapes, nose
cone<00:26:47.120><c> type,</c><00:26:47.520><c> and</c><00:26:47.760><c> the</c><00:26:48.000><c> software</c><00:26:48.320><c> calculates</c>

00:26:48.789 --> 00:26:48.799 align:start position:0%
cone type, and the software calculates

00:26:48.799 --> 00:26:50.950 align:start position:0%
cone type, and the software calculates
the<00:26:49.039><c> CP</c><00:26:49.600><c> much</c><00:26:49.840><c> more</c><00:26:50.080><c> accurately,</c><00:26:50.640><c> often</c>

00:26:50.950 --> 00:26:50.960 align:start position:0%
the CP much more accurately, often

00:26:50.960 --> 00:26:52.230 align:start position:0%
the CP much more accurately, often
across<00:26:51.279><c> different</c><00:26:51.520><c> speeds.</c>

00:26:52.230 --> 00:26:52.240 align:start position:0%
across different speeds.

00:26:52.240 --> 00:26:55.110 align:start position:0%
across different speeds.
>> Okay.<00:26:52.640><c> Simulations</c><00:26:53.279><c> for</c><00:26:53.440><c> CP</c><00:26:54.480><c> and</c><00:26:54.720><c> the</c><00:26:54.880><c> center</c>

00:26:55.110 --> 00:26:55.120 align:start position:0%
>> Okay. Simulations for CP and the center

00:26:55.120 --> 00:26:56.710 align:start position:0%
>> Okay. Simulations for CP and the center
of<00:26:55.279><c> gravity,</c><00:26:55.679><c> the</c><00:26:55.840><c> balance</c><00:26:56.159><c> point.</c><00:26:56.480><c> How's</c>

00:26:56.710 --> 00:26:56.720 align:start position:0%
of gravity, the balance point. How's

00:26:56.720 --> 00:26:57.510 align:start position:0%
of gravity, the balance point. How's
that<00:26:56.880><c> found?</c>

00:26:57.510 --> 00:26:57.520 align:start position:0%
that found?

00:26:57.520 --> 00:26:59.269 align:start position:0%
that found?
>> The<00:26:57.679><c> center</c><00:26:57.840><c> of</c><00:26:58.000><c> gravity</c><00:26:58.400><c> CG</c><00:26:58.799><c> is</c><00:26:59.039><c> usually</c>

00:26:59.269 --> 00:26:59.279 align:start position:0%
>> The center of gravity CG is usually

00:26:59.279 --> 00:27:01.190 align:start position:0%
>> The center of gravity CG is usually
found<00:26:59.520><c> much</c><00:26:59.760><c> more</c><00:27:00.000><c> directly.</c><00:27:00.640><c> You</c><00:27:00.880><c> take</c><00:27:01.039><c> your</c>

00:27:01.190 --> 00:27:01.200 align:start position:0%
found much more directly. You take your

00:27:01.200 --> 00:27:02.950 align:start position:0%
found much more directly. You take your
fully<00:27:01.440><c> assembled</c><00:27:01.919><c> rocket</c><00:27:02.400><c> ready</c><00:27:02.559><c> for</c><00:27:02.799><c> flight</c>

00:27:02.950 --> 00:27:02.960 align:start position:0%
fully assembled rocket ready for flight

00:27:02.960 --> 00:27:04.789 align:start position:0%
fully assembled rocket ready for flight
with<00:27:03.120><c> a</c><00:27:03.360><c> motor</c><00:27:03.600><c> installed,</c><00:27:04.080><c> recovery</c><00:27:04.480><c> system</c>

00:27:04.789 --> 00:27:04.799 align:start position:0%
with a motor installed, recovery system

00:27:04.799 --> 00:27:07.510 align:start position:0%
with a motor installed, recovery system
packed,<00:27:05.440><c> everything,</c><00:27:06.559><c> and</c><00:27:06.799><c> you</c><00:27:07.039><c> simply</c><00:27:07.360><c> find</c>

00:27:07.510 --> 00:27:07.520 align:start position:0%
packed, everything, and you simply find

00:27:07.520 --> 00:27:09.350 align:start position:0%
packed, everything, and you simply find
the<00:27:07.760><c> point</c><00:27:07.919><c> where</c><00:27:08.159><c> it</c><00:27:08.320><c> balances</c><00:27:08.880><c> perfectly</c><00:27:09.200><c> on</c>

00:27:09.350 --> 00:27:09.360 align:start position:0%
the point where it balances perfectly on

00:27:09.360 --> 00:27:11.909 align:start position:0%
the point where it balances perfectly on
an<00:27:09.520><c> edge</c><00:27:09.840><c> like</c><00:27:10.080><c> a</c><00:27:10.240><c> ruler</c><00:27:10.720><c> or</c><00:27:10.960><c> your</c><00:27:11.200><c> finger.</c>

00:27:11.909 --> 00:27:11.919 align:start position:0%
an edge like a ruler or your finger.

00:27:11.919 --> 00:27:14.070 align:start position:0%
an edge like a ruler or your finger.
That<00:27:12.159><c> physical</c><00:27:12.559><c> balance</c><00:27:12.880><c> point</c><00:27:13.039><c> is</c><00:27:13.200><c> the</c><00:27:13.360><c> CG.</c>

00:27:14.070 --> 00:27:14.080 align:start position:0%
That physical balance point is the CG.

00:27:14.080 --> 00:27:16.470 align:start position:0%
That physical balance point is the CG.
>> So,<00:27:14.559><c> calculate</c><00:27:14.960><c> or</c><00:27:15.200><c> simulate</c><00:27:15.520><c> the</c><00:27:15.760><c> CP,</c>

00:27:16.470 --> 00:27:16.480 align:start position:0%
>> So, calculate or simulate the CP,

00:27:16.480 --> 00:27:18.870 align:start position:0%
>> So, calculate or simulate the CP,
physically<00:27:16.960><c> balance</c><00:27:17.360><c> for</c><00:27:17.520><c> the</c><00:27:17.679><c> CG,</c><00:27:18.480><c> and</c><00:27:18.640><c> then</c>

00:27:18.870 --> 00:27:18.880 align:start position:0%
physically balance for the CG, and then

00:27:18.880 --> 00:27:21.110 align:start position:0%
physically balance for the CG, and then
check<00:27:19.200><c> if</c><00:27:19.440><c> the</c><00:27:19.600><c> CP</c><00:27:20.000><c> is</c><00:27:20.159><c> at</c><00:27:20.159><c> least</c><00:27:20.400><c> one</c><00:27:20.640><c> diameter</c>

00:27:21.110 --> 00:27:21.120 align:start position:0%
check if the CP is at least one diameter

00:27:21.120 --> 00:27:22.149 align:start position:0%
check if the CP is at least one diameter
behind<00:27:21.440><c> the</c><00:27:21.600><c> CG.</c>

00:27:22.149 --> 00:27:22.159 align:start position:0%
behind the CG.

00:27:22.159 --> 00:27:23.190 align:start position:0%
behind the CG.
>> That's<00:27:22.400><c> the</c><00:27:22.559><c> process.</c><00:27:22.960><c> Yes.</c>

00:27:23.190 --> 00:27:23.200 align:start position:0%
>> That's the process. Yes.

00:27:23.200 --> 00:27:24.789 align:start position:0%
>> That's the process. Yes.
>> And<00:27:23.360><c> what</c><00:27:23.440><c> if</c><00:27:23.600><c> your</c><00:27:23.840><c> calculations</c><00:27:24.240><c> or</c><00:27:24.480><c> tests</c>

00:27:24.789 --> 00:27:24.799 align:start position:0%
>> And what if your calculations or tests

00:27:24.799 --> 00:27:26.630 align:start position:0%
>> And what if your calculations or tests
show<00:27:24.960><c> it's</c><00:27:25.200><c> not</c><00:27:25.360><c> stable?</c><00:27:25.840><c> Maybe</c><00:27:26.000><c> the</c><00:27:26.159><c> CG</c><00:27:26.480><c> is</c>

00:27:26.630 --> 00:27:26.640 align:start position:0%
show it's not stable? Maybe the CG is

00:27:26.640 --> 00:27:29.110 align:start position:0%
show it's not stable? Maybe the CG is
too<00:27:26.799><c> far</c><00:27:26.960><c> back</c><00:27:27.200><c> or</c><00:27:27.360><c> the</c><00:27:27.520><c> CP</c><00:27:27.919><c> too</c><00:27:28.159><c> far</c><00:27:28.320><c> forward.</c>

00:27:29.110 --> 00:27:29.120 align:start position:0%
too far back or the CP too far forward.

00:27:29.120 --> 00:27:31.029 align:start position:0%
too far back or the CP too far forward.
How<00:27:29.360><c> do</c><00:27:29.440><c> you</c><00:27:29.600><c> fix</c><00:27:29.840><c> an</c><00:27:30.080><c> unstable</c><00:27:30.640><c> rocket</c>

00:27:31.029 --> 00:27:31.039 align:start position:0%
How do you fix an unstable rocket

00:27:31.039 --> 00:27:31.830 align:start position:0%
How do you fix an unstable rocket
design?

00:27:31.830 --> 00:27:31.840 align:start position:0%
design?

00:27:31.840 --> 00:27:34.230 align:start position:0%
design?
>> You<00:27:32.159><c> essentially</c><00:27:32.480><c> have</c><00:27:33.120><c> two</c><00:27:33.520><c> primary</c><00:27:33.919><c> levers</c>

00:27:34.230 --> 00:27:34.240 align:start position:0%
>> You essentially have two primary levers

00:27:34.240 --> 00:27:35.909 align:start position:0%
>> You essentially have two primary levers
you<00:27:34.400><c> can</c><00:27:34.559><c> pull.</c><00:27:34.880><c> Two</c><00:27:35.120><c> main</c><00:27:35.279><c> ways</c><00:27:35.520><c> to</c><00:27:35.679><c> correct</c>

00:27:35.909 --> 00:27:35.919 align:start position:0%
you can pull. Two main ways to correct

00:27:35.919 --> 00:27:37.750 align:start position:0%
you can pull. Two main ways to correct
it.<00:27:36.400><c> First,</c><00:27:36.720><c> you</c><00:27:36.880><c> can</c><00:27:36.960><c> add</c><00:27:37.200><c> sufficient</c><00:27:37.600><c> weight</c>

00:27:37.750 --> 00:27:37.760 align:start position:0%
it. First, you can add sufficient weight

00:27:37.760 --> 00:27:38.549 align:start position:0%
it. First, you can add sufficient weight
to<00:27:37.840><c> the</c><00:27:37.919><c> nose</c><00:27:38.159><c> cone.</c>

00:27:38.549 --> 00:27:38.559 align:start position:0%
to the nose cone.

00:27:38.559 --> 00:27:39.590 align:start position:0%
to the nose cone.
>> Add<00:27:38.720><c> weight</c><00:27:38.960><c> up</c><00:27:39.120><c> front.</c>

00:27:39.590 --> 00:27:39.600 align:start position:0%
>> Add weight up front.

00:27:39.600 --> 00:27:42.549 align:start position:0%
>> Add weight up front.
>> Yes.<00:27:40.559><c> That</c><00:27:41.039><c> physically</c><00:27:41.679><c> shifts</c><00:27:42.080><c> the</c><00:27:42.320><c> center</c>

00:27:42.549 --> 00:27:42.559 align:start position:0%
>> Yes. That physically shifts the center

00:27:42.559 --> 00:27:44.789 align:start position:0%
>> Yes. That physically shifts the center
of<00:27:42.720><c> gravity,</c><00:27:43.200><c> the</c><00:27:43.440><c> balance</c><00:27:43.760><c> point</c><00:27:44.400><c> further</c>

00:27:44.789 --> 00:27:44.799 align:start position:0%
of gravity, the balance point further

00:27:44.799 --> 00:27:46.630 align:start position:0%
of gravity, the balance point further
forward<00:27:45.679><c> away</c><00:27:45.919><c> from</c><00:27:46.080><c> the</c><00:27:46.240><c> center</c><00:27:46.480><c> of</c>

00:27:46.630 --> 00:27:46.640 align:start position:0%
forward away from the center of

00:27:46.640 --> 00:27:48.470 align:start position:0%
forward away from the center of
pressure,<00:27:47.360><c> increasing</c><00:27:47.840><c> that</c><00:27:48.080><c> stable</c>

00:27:48.470 --> 00:27:48.480 align:start position:0%
pressure, increasing that stable

00:27:48.480 --> 00:27:50.149 align:start position:0%
pressure, increasing that stable
distance<00:27:48.799><c> or</c><00:27:49.039><c> static</c><00:27:49.440><c> margin.</c>

00:27:50.149 --> 00:27:50.159 align:start position:0%
distance or static margin.

00:27:50.159 --> 00:27:52.390 align:start position:0%
distance or static margin.
>> Okay.<00:27:50.559><c> Adding</c><00:27:50.960><c> nose</c><00:27:51.360><c> weight</c><00:27:51.600><c> moves</c><00:27:51.919><c> CG</c>

00:27:52.390 --> 00:27:52.400 align:start position:0%
>> Okay. Adding nose weight moves CG

00:27:52.400 --> 00:27:54.389 align:start position:0%
>> Okay. Adding nose weight moves CG
forward.<00:27:53.039><c> What's</c><00:27:53.279><c> the</c><00:27:53.440><c> other</c><00:27:53.600><c> way?</c><00:27:54.000><c> The</c><00:27:54.240><c> other</c>

00:27:54.389 --> 00:27:54.399 align:start position:0%
forward. What's the other way? The other

00:27:54.399 --> 00:27:56.789 align:start position:0%
forward. What's the other way? The other
main<00:27:54.640><c> method</c><00:27:54.960><c> is</c><00:27:55.279><c> to</c><00:27:55.760><c> increase</c><00:27:56.080><c> the</c><00:27:56.320><c> size,</c>

00:27:56.789 --> 00:27:56.799 align:start position:0%
main method is to increase the size,

00:27:56.799 --> 00:27:59.269 align:start position:0%
main method is to increase the size,
particularly<00:27:57.200><c> the</c><00:27:57.440><c> area</c><00:27:58.000><c> of</c><00:27:58.240><c> the</c><00:27:58.399><c> aft</c><00:27:58.720><c> fins,</c>

00:27:59.269 --> 00:27:59.279 align:start position:0%
particularly the area of the aft fins,

00:27:59.279 --> 00:28:00.549 align:start position:0%
particularly the area of the aft fins,
>> bigger<00:27:59.600><c> fins</c><00:27:59.840><c> at</c><00:28:00.000><c> the</c><00:28:00.159><c> back,</c>

00:28:00.549 --> 00:28:00.559 align:start position:0%
>> bigger fins at the back,

00:28:00.559 --> 00:28:02.870 align:start position:0%
>> bigger fins at the back,
>> right?<00:28:00.799><c> Making</c><00:28:01.039><c> the</c><00:28:01.200><c> fins</c><00:28:01.679><c> larger</c><00:28:02.159><c> or</c><00:28:02.559><c> maybe</c>

00:28:02.870 --> 00:28:02.880 align:start position:0%
>> right? Making the fins larger or maybe

00:28:02.880 --> 00:28:05.110 align:start position:0%
>> right? Making the fins larger or maybe
extending<00:28:03.360><c> them</c><00:28:03.520><c> further</c><00:28:03.919><c> back</c><00:28:04.720><c> increases</c>

00:28:05.110 --> 00:28:05.120 align:start position:0%
extending them further back increases

00:28:05.120 --> 00:28:07.029 align:start position:0%
extending them further back increases
their<00:28:05.279><c> aerodynamic</c><00:28:06.000><c> effect.</c><00:28:06.799><c> This</c>

00:28:07.029 --> 00:28:07.039 align:start position:0%
their aerodynamic effect. This

00:28:07.039 --> 00:28:08.630 align:start position:0%
their aerodynamic effect. This
effectively<00:28:07.600><c> moves</c><00:28:08.000><c> the</c><00:28:08.240><c> center</c><00:28:08.480><c> of</c>

00:28:08.630 --> 00:28:08.640 align:start position:0%
effectively moves the center of

00:28:08.640 --> 00:28:10.630 align:start position:0%
effectively moves the center of
pressure,<00:28:08.960><c> the</c><00:28:09.120><c> aerodynamic</c><00:28:09.840><c> center</c><00:28:10.240><c> further</c>

00:28:10.630 --> 00:28:10.640 align:start position:0%
pressure, the aerodynamic center further

00:28:10.640 --> 00:28:12.310 align:start position:0%
pressure, the aerodynamic center further
aft,<00:28:11.039><c> again,</c><00:28:11.360><c> increasing</c><00:28:11.760><c> that</c><00:28:12.000><c> distance</c>

00:28:12.310 --> 00:28:12.320 align:start position:0%
aft, again, increasing that distance

00:28:12.320 --> 00:28:13.750 align:start position:0%
aft, again, increasing that distance
between<00:28:12.640><c> CG</c><00:28:13.039><c> and</c><00:28:13.200><c> CP.</c>

00:28:13.750 --> 00:28:13.760 align:start position:0%
between CG and CP.

00:28:13.760 --> 00:28:16.149 align:start position:0%
between CG and CP.
>> So<00:28:14.000><c> move</c><00:28:14.240><c> CG</c><00:28:14.640><c> forward</c><00:28:14.960><c> with</c><00:28:15.120><c> weight</c><00:28:15.600><c> or</c><00:28:15.919><c> move</c>

00:28:16.149 --> 00:28:16.159 align:start position:0%
>> So move CG forward with weight or move

00:28:16.159 --> 00:28:18.789 align:start position:0%
>> So move CG forward with weight or move
CP<00:28:16.720><c> backward</c><00:28:17.120><c> with</c><00:28:17.279><c> bigger</c><00:28:17.600><c> fins</c><00:28:18.320><c> or</c><00:28:18.559><c> maybe</c>

00:28:18.789 --> 00:28:18.799 align:start position:0%
CP backward with bigger fins or maybe

00:28:18.799 --> 00:28:19.110 align:start position:0%
CP backward with bigger fins or maybe
both

00:28:19.110 --> 00:28:19.120 align:start position:0%
both

00:28:19.120 --> 00:28:20.870 align:start position:0%
both
>> or<00:28:19.360><c> often</c><00:28:19.600><c> a</c><00:28:19.760><c> combination</c><00:28:20.080><c> of</c><00:28:20.240><c> both.</c><00:28:20.559><c> Yes.</c>

00:28:20.870 --> 00:28:20.880 align:start position:0%
>> or often a combination of both. Yes.

00:28:20.880 --> 00:28:22.149 align:start position:0%
>> or often a combination of both. Yes.
What<00:28:21.039><c> you</c><00:28:21.200><c> generally</c><00:28:21.520><c> don't</c><00:28:21.679><c> want</c><00:28:21.760><c> to</c><00:28:21.840><c> do</c><00:28:22.000><c> is</c>

00:28:22.149 --> 00:28:22.159 align:start position:0%
What you generally don't want to do is

00:28:22.159 --> 00:28:23.990 align:start position:0%
What you generally don't want to do is
the<00:28:22.320><c> opposite.</c><00:28:23.120><c> Removing</c><00:28:23.520><c> weight</c><00:28:23.760><c> from</c><00:28:23.840><c> the</c>

00:28:23.990 --> 00:28:24.000 align:start position:0%
the opposite. Removing weight from the

00:28:24.000 --> 00:28:25.909 align:start position:0%
the opposite. Removing weight from the
nose<00:28:24.240><c> would</c><00:28:24.399><c> make</c><00:28:24.480><c> it</c><00:28:24.720><c> less</c><00:28:24.960><c> stable.</c><00:28:25.600><c> Moving</c>

00:28:25.909 --> 00:28:25.919 align:start position:0%
nose would make it less stable. Moving

00:28:25.919 --> 00:28:27.590 align:start position:0%
nose would make it less stable. Moving
fins<00:28:26.240><c> forward</c><00:28:26.480><c> would</c><00:28:26.720><c> be</c><00:28:26.799><c> disastrous</c><00:28:27.360><c> for</c>

00:28:27.590 --> 00:28:27.600 align:start position:0%
fins forward would be disastrous for

00:28:27.600 --> 00:28:29.350 align:start position:0%
fins forward would be disastrous for
stability.<00:28:28.320><c> Making</c><00:28:28.559><c> the</c><00:28:28.720><c> rocket</c><00:28:29.039><c> shorter</c>

00:28:29.350 --> 00:28:29.360 align:start position:0%
stability. Making the rocket shorter

00:28:29.360 --> 00:28:31.190 align:start position:0%
stability. Making the rocket shorter
without<00:28:29.600><c> adjusting</c><00:28:30.080><c> fins</c><00:28:30.559><c> usually</c><00:28:30.880><c> hurts</c>

00:28:31.190 --> 00:28:31.200 align:start position:0%
without adjusting fins usually hurts

00:28:31.200 --> 00:28:33.269 align:start position:0%
without adjusting fins usually hurts
stability.<00:28:31.760><c> And</c><00:28:32.000><c> counterintuitively,</c><00:28:33.039><c> just</c>

00:28:33.269 --> 00:28:33.279 align:start position:0%
stability. And counterintuitively, just

00:28:33.279 --> 00:28:35.029 align:start position:0%
stability. And counterintuitively, just
using<00:28:33.520><c> a</c><00:28:33.679><c> larger,</c><00:28:34.080><c> heavier</c><00:28:34.480><c> motor</c><00:28:34.720><c> often</c>

00:28:35.029 --> 00:28:35.039 align:start position:0%
using a larger, heavier motor often

00:28:35.039 --> 00:28:36.549 align:start position:0%
using a larger, heavier motor often
decreases<00:28:35.600><c> stability</c><00:28:35.919><c> because</c><00:28:36.159><c> it</c><00:28:36.320><c> moves</c><00:28:36.480><c> the</c>

00:28:36.549 --> 00:28:36.559 align:start position:0%
decreases stability because it moves the

00:28:36.559 --> 00:28:38.950 align:start position:0%
decreases stability because it moves the
CG<00:28:37.039><c> further</c><00:28:37.279><c> a</c><00:28:37.760><c> closer</c><00:28:38.080><c> to</c><00:28:38.240><c> the</c><00:28:38.320><c> CP.</c>

00:28:38.950 --> 00:28:38.960 align:start position:0%
CG further a closer to the CP.

00:28:38.960 --> 00:28:40.789 align:start position:0%
CG further a closer to the CP.
>> Right.<00:28:39.200><c> Heavier</c><00:28:39.600><c> motor</c><00:28:39.919><c> pulls</c><00:28:40.240><c> the</c><00:28:40.480><c> balance</c>

00:28:40.789 --> 00:28:40.799 align:start position:0%
>> Right. Heavier motor pulls the balance

00:28:40.799 --> 00:28:42.149 align:start position:0%
>> Right. Heavier motor pulls the balance
point<00:28:41.039><c> backward.</c>

00:28:42.149 --> 00:28:42.159 align:start position:0%
point backward.

00:28:42.159 --> 00:28:44.549 align:start position:0%
point backward.
>> Got<00:28:42.399><c> it.</c><00:28:43.120><c> Now,</c><00:28:43.440><c> stability</c><00:28:43.919><c> isn't</c><00:28:44.320><c> just</c><00:28:44.399><c> a</c>

00:28:44.549 --> 00:28:44.559 align:start position:0%
>> Got it. Now, stability isn't just a

00:28:44.559 --> 00:28:46.389 align:start position:0%
>> Got it. Now, stability isn't just a
fixed<00:28:44.880><c> thing</c><00:28:45.039><c> you</c><00:28:45.279><c> set</c><00:28:45.520><c> before</c><00:28:45.840><c> launch,</c><00:28:46.240><c> is</c>

00:28:46.389 --> 00:28:46.399 align:start position:0%
fixed thing you set before launch, is

00:28:46.399 --> 00:28:48.230 align:start position:0%
fixed thing you set before launch, is
it?<00:28:46.720><c> Can</c><00:28:47.039><c> it</c><00:28:47.200><c> change</c><00:28:47.520><c> during</c><00:28:47.840><c> the</c><00:28:48.000><c> flight</c>

00:28:48.230 --> 00:28:48.240 align:start position:0%
it? Can it change during the flight

00:28:48.240 --> 00:28:50.549 align:start position:0%
it? Can it change during the flight
itself?<00:28:48.880><c> It</c><00:28:49.200><c> absolutely</c><00:28:49.679><c> can</c><00:28:49.919><c> and</c><00:28:50.159><c> it's</c><00:28:50.399><c> a</c>

00:28:50.549 --> 00:28:50.559 align:start position:0%
itself? It absolutely can and it's a

00:28:50.559 --> 00:28:52.230 align:start position:0%
itself? It absolutely can and it's a
really<00:28:50.799><c> important</c><00:28:51.200><c> concept</c><00:28:51.520><c> called</c><00:28:51.760><c> dynamic</c>

00:28:52.230 --> 00:28:52.240 align:start position:0%
really important concept called dynamic

00:28:52.240 --> 00:28:54.710 align:start position:0%
really important concept called dynamic
stability.<00:28:53.360><c> During</c><00:28:53.600><c> the</c><00:28:53.840><c> powered</c><00:28:54.240><c> phase</c><00:28:54.480><c> of</c>

00:28:54.710 --> 00:28:54.720 align:start position:0%
stability. During the powered phase of

00:28:54.720 --> 00:28:56.789 align:start position:0%
stability. During the powered phase of
flight,<00:28:55.279><c> when</c><00:28:55.520><c> a</c><00:28:55.679><c> solid</c><00:28:56.000><c> rocket</c><00:28:56.320><c> motor</c><00:28:56.640><c> is</c>

00:28:56.789 --> 00:28:56.799 align:start position:0%
flight, when a solid rocket motor is

00:28:56.799 --> 00:28:59.430 align:start position:0%
flight, when a solid rocket motor is
burning,<00:28:57.919><c> the</c><00:28:58.159><c> rocket</c><00:28:58.640><c> actually</c><00:28:58.960><c> tends</c><00:28:59.279><c> to</c>

00:28:59.430 --> 00:28:59.440 align:start position:0%
burning, the rocket actually tends to

00:28:59.440 --> 00:29:01.190 align:start position:0%
burning, the rocket actually tends to
become<00:28:59.760><c> more</c><00:29:00.080><c> stable</c><00:29:00.559><c> as</c><00:29:00.799><c> the</c><00:29:00.960><c> flight</c>

00:29:01.190 --> 00:29:01.200 align:start position:0%
become more stable as the flight

00:29:01.200 --> 00:29:02.149 align:start position:0%
become more stable as the flight
progresses.

00:29:02.149 --> 00:29:02.159 align:start position:0%
progresses.

00:29:02.159 --> 00:29:04.070 align:start position:0%
progresses.
>> More<00:29:02.480><c> stable</c><00:29:02.880><c> while</c><00:29:03.039><c> the</c><00:29:03.200><c> motor</c><00:29:03.440><c> is</c><00:29:03.679><c> firing.</c>

00:29:04.070 --> 00:29:04.080 align:start position:0%
>> More stable while the motor is firing.

00:29:04.080 --> 00:29:04.549 align:start position:0%
>> More stable while the motor is firing.
Why?

00:29:04.549 --> 00:29:04.559 align:start position:0%
Why?

00:29:04.559 --> 00:29:06.950 align:start position:0%
Why?
>> Two<00:29:04.880><c> main</c><00:29:05.120><c> reasons.</c><00:29:05.679><c> First,</c><00:29:06.320><c> as</c><00:29:06.559><c> the</c><00:29:06.720><c> motor</c>

00:29:06.950 --> 00:29:06.960 align:start position:0%
>> Two main reasons. First, as the motor

00:29:06.960 --> 00:29:08.870 align:start position:0%
>> Two main reasons. First, as the motor
burns<00:29:07.200><c> its</c><00:29:07.440><c> propellant,</c><00:29:08.080><c> the</c><00:29:08.240><c> propellant</c><00:29:08.720><c> is</c>

00:29:08.870 --> 00:29:08.880 align:start position:0%
burns its propellant, the propellant is

00:29:08.880 --> 00:29:11.029 align:start position:0%
burns its propellant, the propellant is
consumed.<00:29:09.919><c> Since</c><00:29:10.159><c> the</c><00:29:10.399><c> motor</c><00:29:10.559><c> is</c><00:29:10.720><c> at</c><00:29:10.880><c> the</c>

00:29:11.029 --> 00:29:11.039 align:start position:0%
consumed. Since the motor is at the

00:29:11.039 --> 00:29:13.269 align:start position:0%
consumed. Since the motor is at the
back,<00:29:11.600><c> the</c><00:29:11.840><c> aft</c><00:29:12.240><c> end</c><00:29:12.399><c> of</c><00:29:12.480><c> the</c><00:29:12.640><c> rocket</c><00:29:12.960><c> gets</c>

00:29:13.269 --> 00:29:13.279 align:start position:0%
back, the aft end of the rocket gets

00:29:13.279 --> 00:29:15.269 align:start position:0%
back, the aft end of the rocket gets
progressively<00:29:13.840><c> lighter.</c><00:29:14.320><c> Ah,</c><00:29:14.720><c> losing</c><00:29:15.039><c> mass</c>

00:29:15.269 --> 00:29:15.279 align:start position:0%
progressively lighter. Ah, losing mass

00:29:15.279 --> 00:29:15.909 align:start position:0%
progressively lighter. Ah, losing mass
at<00:29:15.520><c> the</c><00:29:15.600><c> back</c>

00:29:15.909 --> 00:29:15.919 align:start position:0%
at the back

00:29:15.919 --> 00:29:17.269 align:start position:0%
at the back
>> which<00:29:16.159><c> shifts</c><00:29:16.399><c> the</c><00:29:16.640><c> overall</c><00:29:16.880><c> center</c><00:29:17.120><c> of</c>

00:29:17.269 --> 00:29:17.279 align:start position:0%
>> which shifts the overall center of

00:29:17.279 --> 00:29:19.029 align:start position:0%
>> which shifts the overall center of
gravity<00:29:17.600><c> further</c><00:29:18.000><c> forward</c><00:29:18.480><c> automatically</c>

00:29:19.029 --> 00:29:19.039 align:start position:0%
gravity further forward automatically

00:29:19.039 --> 00:29:20.710 align:start position:0%
gravity further forward automatically
increasing<00:29:19.440><c> your</c><00:29:19.679><c> stability</c><00:29:20.159><c> margin.</c>

00:29:20.710 --> 00:29:20.720 align:start position:0%
increasing your stability margin.

00:29:20.720 --> 00:29:22.549 align:start position:0%
increasing your stability margin.
>> Clever.<00:29:21.360><c> And</c><00:29:21.520><c> the</c><00:29:21.760><c> second</c><00:29:22.000><c> reason,</c>

00:29:22.549 --> 00:29:22.559 align:start position:0%
>> Clever. And the second reason,

00:29:22.559 --> 00:29:24.710 align:start position:0%
>> Clever. And the second reason,
>> second,<00:29:23.200><c> as</c><00:29:23.360><c> the</c><00:29:23.600><c> rocket</c><00:29:23.919><c> accelerates</c><00:29:24.480><c> and</c>

00:29:24.710 --> 00:29:24.720 align:start position:0%
>> second, as the rocket accelerates and

00:29:24.720 --> 00:29:27.029 align:start position:0%
>> second, as the rocket accelerates and
gains<00:29:25.039><c> speed,</c><00:29:25.600><c> the</c><00:29:25.840><c> aerodynamic</c><00:29:26.480><c> forces</c><00:29:26.880><c> on</c>

00:29:27.029 --> 00:29:27.039 align:start position:0%
gains speed, the aerodynamic forces on

00:29:27.039 --> 00:29:29.190 align:start position:0%
gains speed, the aerodynamic forces on
the<00:29:27.120><c> fins</c><00:29:27.600><c> become</c><00:29:28.000><c> much</c><00:29:28.240><c> more</c><00:29:28.480><c> effective.</c>

00:29:29.190 --> 00:29:29.200 align:start position:0%
the fins become much more effective.

00:29:29.200 --> 00:29:30.870 align:start position:0%
the fins become much more effective.
Fins<00:29:29.600><c> work</c><00:29:29.760><c> better</c><00:29:30.000><c> at</c><00:29:30.159><c> higher</c><00:29:30.480><c> speeds,</c>

00:29:30.870 --> 00:29:30.880 align:start position:0%
Fins work better at higher speeds,

00:29:30.880 --> 00:29:32.710 align:start position:0%
Fins work better at higher speeds,
providing<00:29:31.360><c> stronger</c><00:29:31.760><c> corrective</c><00:29:32.159><c> forces</c><00:29:32.480><c> if</c>

00:29:32.710 --> 00:29:32.720 align:start position:0%
providing stronger corrective forces if

00:29:32.720 --> 00:29:34.470 align:start position:0%
providing stronger corrective forces if
the<00:29:32.880><c> rocket</c><00:29:33.200><c> starts</c><00:29:33.440><c> to</c><00:29:33.600><c> deviate.</c><00:29:34.240><c> So,</c>

00:29:34.470 --> 00:29:34.480 align:start position:0%
the rocket starts to deviate. So,

00:29:34.480 --> 00:29:36.310 align:start position:0%
the rocket starts to deviate. So,
increasing<00:29:35.039><c> speed</c><00:29:35.440><c> also</c><00:29:35.760><c> enhances</c>

00:29:36.310 --> 00:29:36.320 align:start position:0%
increasing speed also enhances

00:29:36.320 --> 00:29:37.110 align:start position:0%
increasing speed also enhances
stability.

00:29:37.110 --> 00:29:37.120 align:start position:0%
stability.

00:29:37.120 --> 00:29:38.710 align:start position:0%
stability.
>> So,<00:29:37.360><c> generally,</c><00:29:37.760><c> it</c><00:29:38.000><c> gets</c><00:29:38.159><c> more</c><00:29:38.399><c> stable</c>

00:29:38.710 --> 00:29:38.720 align:start position:0%
>> So, generally, it gets more stable

00:29:38.720 --> 00:29:39.669 align:start position:0%
>> So, generally, it gets more stable
during<00:29:39.039><c> boost.</c>

00:29:39.669 --> 00:29:39.679 align:start position:0%
during boost.

00:29:39.679 --> 00:29:40.230 align:start position:0%
during boost.
>> Uh,

00:29:40.230 --> 00:29:40.240 align:start position:0%
>> Uh,

00:29:40.240 --> 00:29:42.310 align:start position:0%
>> Uh,
>> but<00:29:40.720><c> things</c><00:29:40.960><c> can</c><00:29:41.200><c> still</c><00:29:41.360><c> cause</c><00:29:41.600><c> instability,</c>

00:29:42.310 --> 00:29:42.320 align:start position:0%
>> but things can still cause instability,

00:29:42.320 --> 00:29:43.830 align:start position:0%
>> but things can still cause instability,
right?<00:29:42.559><c> Beyond</c><00:29:42.960><c> just</c><00:29:43.120><c> getting</c><00:29:43.360><c> the</c><00:29:43.520><c> initial</c>

00:29:43.830 --> 00:29:43.840 align:start position:0%
right? Beyond just getting the initial

00:29:43.840 --> 00:29:46.789 align:start position:0%
right? Beyond just getting the initial
CGCP<00:29:44.559><c> wrong.</c><00:29:45.039><c> Oh,</c><00:29:45.279><c> absolutely.</c><00:29:46.240><c> Unstable</c>

00:29:46.789 --> 00:29:46.799 align:start position:0%
CGCP wrong. Oh, absolutely. Unstable

00:29:46.799 --> 00:29:48.470 align:start position:0%
CGCP wrong. Oh, absolutely. Unstable
flight<00:29:47.120><c> can</c><00:29:47.360><c> definitely</c><00:29:47.679><c> be</c><00:29:47.919><c> caused</c><00:29:48.240><c> by</c>

00:29:48.470 --> 00:29:48.480 align:start position:0%
flight can definitely be caused by

00:29:48.480 --> 00:29:50.950 align:start position:0%
flight can definitely be caused by
factors<00:29:49.039><c> other</c><00:29:49.360><c> than</c><00:29:49.520><c> the</c><00:29:49.760><c> basic</c><00:29:50.159><c> CGCP</c>

00:29:50.950 --> 00:29:50.960 align:start position:0%
factors other than the basic CGCP

00:29:50.960 --> 00:29:53.110 align:start position:0%
factors other than the basic CGCP
relationship.<00:29:52.000><c> A</c><00:29:52.159><c> big</c><00:29:52.320><c> one</c><00:29:52.480><c> is</c><00:29:52.720><c> structural</c>

00:29:53.110 --> 00:29:53.120 align:start position:0%
relationship. A big one is structural

00:29:53.120 --> 00:29:54.710 align:start position:0%
relationship. A big one is structural
integrity.

00:29:54.710 --> 00:29:54.720 align:start position:0%
integrity.

00:29:54.720 --> 00:29:57.029 align:start position:0%
integrity.
Weak<00:29:55.039><c> body</c><00:29:55.360><c> tubes</c><00:29:55.679><c> or</c><00:29:55.919><c> couplers</c><00:29:56.480><c> that</c><00:29:56.799><c> allow</c>

00:29:57.029 --> 00:29:57.039 align:start position:0%
Weak body tubes or couplers that allow

00:29:57.039 --> 00:29:59.269 align:start position:0%
Weak body tubes or couplers that allow
the<00:29:57.200><c> airframe</c><00:29:57.679><c> to</c><00:29:57.840><c> actually</c><00:29:58.159><c> bend</c><00:29:58.480><c> or</c><00:29:58.799><c> flex</c>

00:29:59.269 --> 00:29:59.279 align:start position:0%
the airframe to actually bend or flex

00:29:59.279 --> 00:30:01.750 align:start position:0%
the airframe to actually bend or flex
significantly<00:30:00.000><c> under</c><00:30:00.320><c> aerodynamic</c><00:30:01.039><c> load</c><00:30:01.520><c> can</c>

00:30:01.750 --> 00:30:01.760 align:start position:0%
significantly under aerodynamic load can

00:30:01.760 --> 00:30:03.029 align:start position:0%
significantly under aerodynamic load can
induce<00:30:02.159><c> instability.</c>

00:30:03.029 --> 00:30:03.039 align:start position:0%
induce instability.

00:30:03.039 --> 00:30:05.750 align:start position:0%
induce instability.
>> The<00:30:03.279><c> rocket</c><00:30:03.760><c> literally</c><00:30:04.320><c> bending</c><00:30:04.720><c> in</c><00:30:05.039><c> flight.</c>

00:30:05.750 --> 00:30:05.760 align:start position:0%
>> The rocket literally bending in flight.

00:30:05.760 --> 00:30:07.510 align:start position:0%
>> The rocket literally bending in flight.
>> It<00:30:05.919><c> can</c><00:30:06.080><c> happen</c><00:30:06.320><c> with</c><00:30:06.559><c> poorly</c><00:30:06.960><c> built</c><00:30:07.279><c> or</c>

00:30:07.510 --> 00:30:07.520 align:start position:0%
>> It can happen with poorly built or

00:30:07.520 --> 00:30:09.590 align:start position:0%
>> It can happen with poorly built or
underdesigned<00:30:08.240><c> rockets,</c><00:30:08.799><c> especially</c><00:30:09.200><c> larger</c>

00:30:09.590 --> 00:30:09.600 align:start position:0%
underdesigned rockets, especially larger

00:30:09.600 --> 00:30:12.470 align:start position:0%
underdesigned rockets, especially larger
ones.<00:30:10.320><c> Another</c><00:30:10.720><c> cause</c><00:30:11.039><c> can</c><00:30:11.200><c> be</c><00:30:11.279><c> misalignment.</c>

00:30:12.470 --> 00:30:12.480 align:start position:0%
ones. Another cause can be misalignment.

00:30:12.480 --> 00:30:14.230 align:start position:0%
ones. Another cause can be misalignment.
If<00:30:12.640><c> the</c><00:30:12.799><c> motor</c><00:30:13.039><c> mount</c><00:30:13.279><c> tube</c><00:30:13.600><c> isn't</c><00:30:13.840><c> perfectly</c>

00:30:14.230 --> 00:30:14.240 align:start position:0%
If the motor mount tube isn't perfectly

00:30:14.240 --> 00:30:16.310 align:start position:0%
If the motor mount tube isn't perfectly
aligned<00:30:14.559><c> with</c><00:30:14.720><c> the</c><00:30:14.880><c> rocket's</c><00:30:15.279><c> central</c><00:30:15.600><c> axis,</c>

00:30:16.310 --> 00:30:16.320 align:start position:0%
aligned with the rocket's central axis,

00:30:16.320 --> 00:30:17.990 align:start position:0%
aligned with the rocket's central axis,
or<00:30:16.559><c> if</c><00:30:16.640><c> the</c><00:30:16.799><c> motor's</c><00:30:17.120><c> nozzle</c><00:30:17.520><c> itself</c><00:30:17.840><c> is</c>

00:30:17.990 --> 00:30:18.000 align:start position:0%
or if the motor's nozzle itself is

00:30:18.000 --> 00:30:20.470 align:start position:0%
or if the motor's nozzle itself is
slightly<00:30:18.480><c> caned,</c><00:30:19.120><c> it</c><00:30:19.360><c> creates</c><00:30:19.600><c> an</c><00:30:19.840><c> offaxis</c>

00:30:20.470 --> 00:30:20.480 align:start position:0%
slightly caned, it creates an offaxis

00:30:20.480 --> 00:30:22.310 align:start position:0%
slightly caned, it creates an offaxis
thrust,<00:30:20.960><c> which</c><00:30:21.200><c> can</c><00:30:21.279><c> induce</c><00:30:21.600><c> a</c><00:30:21.760><c> tumble.</c>

00:30:22.310 --> 00:30:22.320 align:start position:0%
thrust, which can induce a tumble.

00:30:22.320 --> 00:30:23.590 align:start position:0%
thrust, which can induce a tumble.
>> Thrust<00:30:22.640><c> misalignment.</c><00:30:23.360><c> Okay.</c>

00:30:23.590 --> 00:30:23.600 align:start position:0%
>> Thrust misalignment. Okay.

00:30:23.600 --> 00:30:25.350 align:start position:0%
>> Thrust misalignment. Okay.
>> And<00:30:23.840><c> one</c><00:30:24.000><c> more</c><00:30:24.159><c> common</c><00:30:24.480><c> one,</c><00:30:24.799><c> especially</c><00:30:25.120><c> on</c>

00:30:25.350 --> 00:30:25.360 align:start position:0%
>> And one more common one, especially on

00:30:25.360 --> 00:30:28.070 align:start position:0%
>> And one more common one, especially on
windy<00:30:25.679><c> days,</c><00:30:26.720><c> inadequate</c><00:30:27.360><c> air</c><00:30:27.600><c> speed</c><00:30:27.840><c> leaving</c>

00:30:28.070 --> 00:30:28.080 align:start position:0%
windy days, inadequate air speed leaving

00:30:28.080 --> 00:30:29.990 align:start position:0%
windy days, inadequate air speed leaving
the<00:30:28.320><c> launch</c><00:30:28.559><c> pad.</c><00:30:29.120><c> If</c><00:30:29.360><c> the</c><00:30:29.520><c> rocket</c><00:30:29.840><c> doesn't</c>

00:30:29.990 --> 00:30:30.000 align:start position:0%
the launch pad. If the rocket doesn't

00:30:30.000 --> 00:30:31.510 align:start position:0%
the launch pad. If the rocket doesn't
accelerate<00:30:30.480><c> quickly</c><00:30:30.799><c> enough</c><00:30:30.960><c> off</c><00:30:31.120><c> the</c><00:30:31.279><c> launch</c>

00:30:31.510 --> 00:30:31.520 align:start position:0%
accelerate quickly enough off the launch

00:30:31.520 --> 00:30:33.909 align:start position:0%
accelerate quickly enough off the launch
rail<00:30:31.760><c> or</c><00:30:31.919><c> rod,</c><00:30:32.480><c> a</c><00:30:32.720><c> strong</c><00:30:33.039><c> crosswind</c><00:30:33.600><c> can</c><00:30:33.760><c> push</c>

00:30:33.909 --> 00:30:33.919 align:start position:0%
rail or rod, a strong crosswind can push

00:30:33.919 --> 00:30:36.149 align:start position:0%
rail or rod, a strong crosswind can push
it<00:30:34.080><c> sideways</c><00:30:34.559><c> immediately,</c><00:30:35.440><c> subjecting</c><00:30:35.919><c> it</c>

00:30:36.149 --> 00:30:36.159 align:start position:0%
it sideways immediately, subjecting it

00:30:36.159 --> 00:30:37.990 align:start position:0%
it sideways immediately, subjecting it
to<00:30:36.320><c> a</c><00:30:36.480><c> high</c><00:30:36.720><c> angle</c><00:30:37.039><c> of</c><00:30:37.200><c> attack</c><00:30:37.600><c> before</c><00:30:37.840><c> the</c>

00:30:37.990 --> 00:30:38.000 align:start position:0%
to a high angle of attack before the

00:30:38.000 --> 00:30:39.350 align:start position:0%
to a high angle of attack before the
fins<00:30:38.399><c> have</c><00:30:38.559><c> enough</c><00:30:38.720><c> air</c><00:30:38.960><c> speed</c><00:30:39.120><c> to</c>

00:30:39.350 --> 00:30:39.360 align:start position:0%
fins have enough air speed to

00:30:39.360 --> 00:30:41.669 align:start position:0%
fins have enough air speed to
effectively<00:30:39.919><c> stabilize</c><00:30:40.320><c> it.</c><00:30:41.039><c> That</c><00:30:41.360><c> initial</c>

00:30:41.669 --> 00:30:41.679 align:start position:0%
effectively stabilize it. That initial

00:30:41.679 --> 00:30:43.110 align:start position:0%
effectively stabilize it. That initial
wobble<00:30:42.080><c> can</c><00:30:42.240><c> sometimes</c><00:30:42.640><c> lead</c><00:30:42.799><c> to</c><00:30:42.960><c> full</c>

00:30:43.110 --> 00:30:43.120 align:start position:0%
wobble can sometimes lead to full

00:30:43.120 --> 00:30:43.990 align:start position:0%
wobble can sometimes lead to full
instability.

00:30:43.990 --> 00:30:44.000 align:start position:0%
instability.

00:30:44.000 --> 00:30:46.389 align:start position:0%
instability.
>> So<00:30:44.159><c> a</c><00:30:44.480><c> good</c><00:30:44.799><c> fast</c><00:30:45.279><c> initial</c><00:30:45.600><c> kick</c><00:30:45.840><c> off</c><00:30:46.000><c> the</c><00:30:46.159><c> pad</c>

00:30:46.389 --> 00:30:46.399 align:start position:0%
>> So a good fast initial kick off the pad

00:30:46.399 --> 00:30:48.230 align:start position:0%
>> So a good fast initial kick off the pad
is<00:30:46.640><c> important</c><00:30:46.960><c> too.</c><00:30:47.200><c> Okay,</c><00:30:47.520><c> just</c><00:30:47.679><c> to</c><00:30:47.919><c> quickly</c>

00:30:48.230 --> 00:30:48.240 align:start position:0%
is important too. Okay, just to quickly

00:30:48.240 --> 00:30:49.430 align:start position:0%
is important too. Okay, just to quickly
summarize<00:30:48.559><c> the</c><00:30:48.799><c> different</c><00:30:49.039><c> states</c><00:30:49.279><c> of</c>

00:30:49.430 --> 00:30:49.440 align:start position:0%
summarize the different states of

00:30:49.440 --> 00:30:50.389 align:start position:0%
summarize the different states of
stability<00:30:49.919><c> then.</c>

00:30:50.389 --> 00:30:50.399 align:start position:0%
stability then.

00:30:50.399 --> 00:30:51.990 align:start position:0%
stability then.
>> Right.<00:30:50.640><c> So</c><00:30:50.880><c> positive</c><00:30:51.279><c> stability</c><00:30:51.520><c> is</c><00:30:51.679><c> what</c><00:30:51.840><c> you</c>

00:30:51.990 --> 00:30:52.000 align:start position:0%
>> Right. So positive stability is what you

00:30:52.000 --> 00:30:53.190 align:start position:0%
>> Right. So positive stability is what you
want.<00:30:52.240><c> That's</c><00:30:52.480><c> when</c><00:30:52.559><c> the</c><00:30:52.720><c> center</c><00:30:52.880><c> of</c><00:30:52.960><c> gravity</c>

00:30:53.190 --> 00:30:53.200 align:start position:0%
want. That's when the center of gravity

00:30:53.200 --> 00:30:55.430 align:start position:0%
want. That's when the center of gravity
is<00:30:53.360><c> rotated</c><00:30:53.679><c> ahead</c><00:30:54.240><c> forward</c><00:30:54.880><c> of</c><00:30:55.039><c> the</c><00:30:55.279><c> center</c>

00:30:55.430 --> 00:30:55.440 align:start position:0%
is rotated ahead forward of the center

00:30:55.440 --> 00:30:57.190 align:start position:0%
is rotated ahead forward of the center
of<00:30:55.600><c> pressure.</c><00:30:56.240><c> The</c><00:30:56.399><c> rocket</c><00:30:56.799><c> actively</c>

00:30:57.190 --> 00:30:57.200 align:start position:0%
of pressure. The rocket actively

00:30:57.200 --> 00:30:59.909 align:start position:0%
of pressure. The rocket actively
corrects<00:30:57.520><c> itself.</c><00:30:57.840><c> Positive</c><00:30:58.559><c> is</c><00:30:58.799><c> good.</c><00:30:59.440><c> CG</c>

00:30:59.909 --> 00:30:59.919 align:start position:0%
corrects itself. Positive is good. CG

00:30:59.919 --> 00:31:01.269 align:start position:0%
corrects itself. Positive is good. CG
forward<00:31:00.240><c> of</c><00:31:00.480><c> CP.</c>

00:31:01.269 --> 00:31:01.279 align:start position:0%
forward of CP.

00:31:01.279 --> 00:31:03.669 align:start position:0%
forward of CP.
>> Neutral<00:31:01.600><c> stability</c><00:31:02.000><c> is</c><00:31:02.240><c> when</c><00:31:02.320><c> the</c><00:31:02.480><c> CG</c><00:31:02.799><c> and</c><00:31:02.960><c> CP</c>

00:31:03.669 --> 00:31:03.679 align:start position:0%
>> Neutral stability is when the CG and CP

00:31:03.679 --> 00:31:05.110 align:start position:0%
>> Neutral stability is when the CG and CP
happen<00:31:03.919><c> to</c><00:31:04.080><c> lie</c><00:31:04.240><c> at</c><00:31:04.480><c> the</c><00:31:04.640><c> exact</c><00:31:04.960><c> same</c>

00:31:05.110 --> 00:31:05.120 align:start position:0%
happen to lie at the exact same

00:31:05.120 --> 00:31:07.350 align:start position:0%
happen to lie at the exact same
location.<00:31:06.240><c> This</c><00:31:06.399><c> is</c><00:31:06.559><c> risky</c><00:31:06.960><c> because</c><00:31:07.200><c> there</c>

00:31:07.350 --> 00:31:07.360 align:start position:0%
location. This is risky because there

00:31:07.360 --> 00:31:09.269 align:start position:0%
location. This is risky because there
are<00:31:07.520><c> no</c><00:31:07.760><c> natural</c><00:31:08.080><c> stabilizing</c><00:31:08.640><c> or</c><00:31:08.880><c> restoring</c>

00:31:09.269 --> 00:31:09.279 align:start position:0%
are no natural stabilizing or restoring

00:31:09.279 --> 00:31:11.990 align:start position:0%
are no natural stabilizing or restoring
forces.<00:31:10.240><c> If</c><00:31:10.480><c> it</c><00:31:10.559><c> gets</c><00:31:10.799><c> nudged</c><00:31:11.279><c> off</c><00:31:11.520><c> course,</c><00:31:11.840><c> it</c>

00:31:11.990 --> 00:31:12.000 align:start position:0%
forces. If it gets nudged off course, it

00:31:12.000 --> 00:31:13.830 align:start position:0%
forces. If it gets nudged off course, it
tends<00:31:12.240><c> to</c><00:31:12.399><c> just</c><00:31:12.640><c> stay</c><00:31:12.880><c> off</c><00:31:13.200><c> course.</c>

00:31:13.830 --> 00:31:13.840 align:start position:0%
tends to just stay off course.

00:31:13.840 --> 00:31:16.389 align:start position:0%
tends to just stay off course.
>> Neutral<00:31:14.240><c> is</c><00:31:14.399><c> unstable.</c><00:31:15.039><c> Basically,</c><00:31:15.600><c> avoid.</c>

00:31:16.389 --> 00:31:16.399 align:start position:0%
>> Neutral is unstable. Basically, avoid.

00:31:16.399 --> 00:31:18.950 align:start position:0%
>> Neutral is unstable. Basically, avoid.
>> Definitely<00:31:16.720><c> avoid.</c><00:31:17.760><c> And</c><00:31:18.000><c> finally,</c><00:31:18.480><c> negative</c>

00:31:18.950 --> 00:31:18.960 align:start position:0%
>> Definitely avoid. And finally, negative

00:31:18.960 --> 00:31:21.029 align:start position:0%
>> Definitely avoid. And finally, negative
stability.<00:31:20.080><c> This</c><00:31:20.240><c> is</c><00:31:20.399><c> when</c><00:31:20.559><c> the</c><00:31:20.720><c> center</c><00:31:20.880><c> of</c>

00:31:21.029 --> 00:31:21.039 align:start position:0%
stability. This is when the center of

00:31:21.039 --> 00:31:23.669 align:start position:0%
stability. This is when the center of
gravity<00:31:21.360><c> is</c><00:31:21.520><c> located</c><00:31:21.919><c> behind</c><00:31:22.720><c> a</c><00:31:23.279><c> of</c><00:31:23.520><c> the</c>

00:31:23.669 --> 00:31:23.679 align:start position:0%
gravity is located behind a of the

00:31:23.679 --> 00:31:25.750 align:start position:0%
gravity is located behind a of the
center<00:31:23.919><c> of</c><00:31:24.080><c> pressure.</c><00:31:24.960><c> This</c><00:31:25.200><c> rocket</c><00:31:25.520><c> will</c>

00:31:25.750 --> 00:31:25.760 align:start position:0%
center of pressure. This rocket will

00:31:25.760 --> 00:31:27.909 align:start position:0%
center of pressure. This rocket will
inevitably<00:31:26.240><c> tumble</c><00:31:26.880><c> very</c><00:31:27.200><c> quickly</c><00:31:27.600><c> trying</c><00:31:27.760><c> to</c>

00:31:27.909 --> 00:31:27.919 align:start position:0%
inevitably tumble very quickly trying to

00:31:27.919 --> 00:31:29.430 align:start position:0%
inevitably tumble very quickly trying to
fly<00:31:28.240><c> tail</c><00:31:28.559><c> first.</c><00:31:28.880><c> It's</c><00:31:29.120><c> completely</c>

00:31:29.430 --> 00:31:29.440 align:start position:0%
fly tail first. It's completely

00:31:29.440 --> 00:31:29.990 align:start position:0%
fly tail first. It's completely
unstable.

00:31:29.990 --> 00:31:30.000 align:start position:0%
unstable.

00:31:30.000 --> 00:31:33.110 align:start position:0%
unstable.
>> Negative<00:31:30.399><c> stability</c><00:31:30.960><c> CG</c><00:31:31.520><c> behind</c><00:31:31.919><c> CP</c><00:31:32.640><c> equals</c>

00:31:33.110 --> 00:31:33.120 align:start position:0%
>> Negative stability CG behind CP equals

00:31:33.120 --> 00:31:34.870 align:start position:0%
>> Negative stability CG behind CP equals
guaranteed<00:31:33.679><c> tumbling</c><00:31:34.159><c> disaster.</c>

00:31:34.870 --> 00:31:34.880 align:start position:0%
guaranteed tumbling disaster.

00:31:34.880 --> 00:31:36.470 align:start position:0%
guaranteed tumbling disaster.
>> Got<00:31:35.120><c> it.</c><00:31:35.279><c> We've</c><00:31:35.600><c> really</c><00:31:35.840><c> seen</c><00:31:36.080><c> today</c><00:31:36.240><c> that</c>

00:31:36.470 --> 00:31:36.480 align:start position:0%
>> Got it. We've really seen today that

00:31:36.480 --> 00:31:39.830 align:start position:0%
>> Got it. We've really seen today that
high<00:31:36.799><c> power</c><00:31:37.039><c> rocketry</c><00:31:38.000><c> is</c><00:31:38.880><c> uh</c><00:31:39.120><c> it's</c><00:31:39.360><c> a</c><00:31:39.600><c> field</c>

00:31:39.830 --> 00:31:39.840 align:start position:0%
high power rocketry is uh it's a field

00:31:39.840 --> 00:31:41.590 align:start position:0%
high power rocketry is uh it's a field
where<00:31:40.080><c> every</c><00:31:40.320><c> single</c><00:31:40.640><c> detail</c><00:31:41.039><c> matters,</c>

00:31:41.590 --> 00:31:41.600 align:start position:0%
where every single detail matters,

00:31:41.600 --> 00:31:43.269 align:start position:0%
where every single detail matters,
doesn't<00:31:41.760><c> it?</c><00:31:42.159><c> From,</c><00:31:42.480><c> you</c><00:31:42.640><c> know,</c><00:31:42.720><c> a</c><00:31:42.880><c> specific</c>

00:31:43.269 --> 00:31:43.279 align:start position:0%
doesn't it? From, you know, a specific

00:31:43.279 --> 00:31:45.430 align:start position:0%
doesn't it? From, you know, a specific
regulation<00:31:43.760><c> number</c><00:31:44.000><c> in</c><00:31:44.159><c> a</c><00:31:44.320><c> rule</c><00:31:44.559><c> book</c><00:31:45.039><c> down</c><00:31:45.279><c> to</c>

00:31:45.430 --> 00:31:45.440 align:start position:0%
regulation number in a rule book down to

00:31:45.440 --> 00:31:47.669 align:start position:0%
regulation number in a rule book down to
the<00:31:45.679><c> exact</c><00:31:46.080><c> type</c><00:31:46.320><c> of</c><00:31:46.480><c> glue</c><00:31:46.880><c> you</c><00:31:47.200><c> choose</c><00:31:47.360><c> for</c><00:31:47.519><c> a</c>

00:31:47.669 --> 00:31:47.679 align:start position:0%
the exact type of glue you choose for a

00:31:47.679 --> 00:31:48.710 align:start position:0%
the exact type of glue you choose for a
fin.

00:31:48.710 --> 00:31:48.720 align:start position:0%
fin.

00:31:48.720 --> 00:31:50.470 align:start position:0%
fin.
>> It<00:31:48.880><c> all</c><00:31:49.039><c> contributes</c><00:31:49.440><c> to</c><00:31:49.600><c> the</c><00:31:49.760><c> overall</c><00:31:50.080><c> safety</c>

00:31:50.470 --> 00:31:50.480 align:start position:0%
>> It all contributes to the overall safety

00:31:50.480 --> 00:31:52.789 align:start position:0%
>> It all contributes to the overall safety
and<00:31:51.039><c> hopefully</c><00:31:51.600><c> the</c><00:31:51.840><c> breathtaking</c><00:31:52.480><c> success</c>

00:31:52.789 --> 00:31:52.799 align:start position:0%
and hopefully the breathtaking success

00:31:52.799 --> 00:31:53.430 align:start position:0%
and hopefully the breathtaking success
of<00:31:52.880><c> a</c><00:31:53.039><c> flight.</c>

00:31:53.430 --> 00:31:53.440 align:start position:0%
of a flight.

00:31:53.440 --> 00:31:55.110 align:start position:0%
of a flight.
>> It<00:31:53.600><c> really</c><00:31:53.840><c> does.</c><00:31:54.159><c> It's</c><00:31:54.399><c> quite</c><00:31:54.559><c> a</c><00:31:54.720><c> testament,</c>

00:31:55.110 --> 00:31:55.120 align:start position:0%
>> It really does. It's quite a testament,

00:31:55.120 --> 00:31:56.950 align:start position:0%
>> It really does. It's quite a testament,
I<00:31:55.200><c> think,</c><00:31:55.360><c> to</c><00:31:55.519><c> how</c><00:31:55.760><c> complex</c><00:31:56.080><c> and</c><00:31:56.320><c> nuanced</c><00:31:56.799><c> even</c>

00:31:56.950 --> 00:31:56.960 align:start position:0%
I think, to how complex and nuanced even

00:31:56.960 --> 00:31:59.509 align:start position:0%
I think, to how complex and nuanced even
a<00:31:57.200><c> hobby</c><00:31:57.519><c> can</c><00:31:57.760><c> become</c><00:31:58.480><c> when</c><00:31:58.799><c> it's</c><00:31:59.039><c> literally</c>

00:31:59.509 --> 00:31:59.519 align:start position:0%
a hobby can become when it's literally

00:31:59.519 --> 00:32:01.830 align:start position:0%
a hobby can become when it's literally
reaching<00:31:59.919><c> for</c><00:32:00.159><c> the</c><00:32:00.320><c> skies.</c>

00:32:01.830 --> 00:32:01.840 align:start position:0%
reaching for the skies.

00:32:01.840 --> 00:32:03.669 align:start position:0%
reaching for the skies.
And<00:32:02.080><c> this</c><00:32:02.240><c> raises</c><00:32:02.799><c> maybe</c><00:32:03.039><c> an</c><00:32:03.360><c> important</c>

00:32:03.669 --> 00:32:03.679 align:start position:0%
And this raises maybe an important

00:32:03.679 --> 00:32:05.590 align:start position:0%
And this raises maybe an important
broader<00:32:04.159><c> question</c><00:32:04.399><c> for</c><00:32:04.640><c> all</c><00:32:04.799><c> of</c><00:32:04.880><c> us,</c><00:32:05.200><c> for</c><00:32:05.360><c> you</c>

00:32:05.590 --> 00:32:05.600 align:start position:0%
broader question for all of us, for you

00:32:05.600 --> 00:32:08.230 align:start position:0%
broader question for all of us, for you
listening,<00:32:06.480><c> in</c><00:32:06.720><c> any</c><00:32:07.039><c> passion</c><00:32:07.440><c> or</c><00:32:07.679><c> endeavor</c>

00:32:08.230 --> 00:32:08.240 align:start position:0%
listening, in any passion or endeavor

00:32:08.240 --> 00:32:10.230 align:start position:0%
listening, in any passion or endeavor
you<00:32:08.559><c> pursue,</c><00:32:09.200><c> especially</c><00:32:09.519><c> one</c><00:32:09.760><c> that</c><00:32:09.919><c> pushes</c>

00:32:10.230 --> 00:32:10.240 align:start position:0%
you pursue, especially one that pushes

00:32:10.240 --> 00:32:11.990 align:start position:0%
you pursue, especially one that pushes
boundaries<00:32:10.559><c> or</c><00:32:10.799><c> involves</c><00:32:11.200><c> significant</c><00:32:11.679><c> power</c>

00:32:11.990 --> 00:32:12.000 align:start position:0%
boundaries or involves significant power

00:32:12.000 --> 00:32:13.590 align:start position:0%
boundaries or involves significant power
or<00:32:12.240><c> precision.</c>

00:32:13.590 --> 00:32:13.600 align:start position:0%
or precision.

00:32:13.600 --> 00:32:15.669 align:start position:0%
or precision.
>> What<00:32:13.760><c> are</c><00:32:13.919><c> those</c><00:32:14.159><c> often</c><00:32:14.559><c> hidden</c><00:32:15.039><c> layers?</c><00:32:15.519><c> you</c>

00:32:15.669 --> 00:32:15.679 align:start position:0%
>> What are those often hidden layers? you

00:32:15.679 --> 00:32:17.590 align:start position:0%
>> What are those often hidden layers? you
know,<00:32:15.760><c> the</c><00:32:16.080><c> layers</c><00:32:16.240><c> of</c><00:32:16.399><c> rules</c><00:32:16.799><c> or</c><00:32:17.120><c> scientific</c>

00:32:17.590 --> 00:32:17.600 align:start position:0%
know, the layers of rules or scientific

00:32:17.600 --> 00:32:19.509 align:start position:0%
know, the layers of rules or scientific
principles<00:32:18.000><c> or</c><00:32:18.320><c> just</c><00:32:18.480><c> best</c><00:32:18.799><c> practices</c><00:32:19.279><c> that</c>

00:32:19.509 --> 00:32:19.519 align:start position:0%
principles or just best practices that

00:32:19.519 --> 00:32:22.070 align:start position:0%
principles or just best practices that
aren't<00:32:19.840><c> just</c><00:32:20.080><c> about</c><00:32:20.720><c> basic</c><00:32:21.200><c> compliance,</c><00:32:21.760><c> but</c>

00:32:22.070 --> 00:32:22.080 align:start position:0%
aren't just about basic compliance, but

00:32:22.080 --> 00:32:24.630 align:start position:0%
aren't just about basic compliance, but
fundamentally<00:32:23.200><c> ensure</c><00:32:23.679><c> the</c><00:32:23.919><c> integrity</c><00:32:24.320><c> and</c>

00:32:24.630 --> 00:32:24.640 align:start position:0%
fundamentally ensure the integrity and

00:32:24.640 --> 00:32:26.070 align:start position:0%
fundamentally ensure the integrity and
safety<00:32:24.960><c> of</c><00:32:25.120><c> what</c><00:32:25.279><c> you're</c><00:32:25.440><c> doing,</c><00:32:25.679><c> allowing</c><00:32:25.919><c> it</c>

00:32:26.070 --> 00:32:26.080 align:start position:0%
safety of what you're doing, allowing it

00:32:26.080 --> 00:32:27.029 align:start position:0%
safety of what you're doing, allowing it
to<00:32:26.240><c> actually</c><00:32:26.480><c> flourish.</c>

00:32:27.029 --> 00:32:27.039 align:start position:0%
to actually flourish.

00:32:27.039 --> 00:32:28.950 align:start position:0%
to actually flourish.
>> That's<00:32:27.279><c> a</c><00:32:27.440><c> great</c><00:32:27.679><c> question</c><00:32:27.919><c> to</c><00:32:28.159><c> ponder.</c><00:32:28.799><c> What</c>

00:32:28.950 --> 00:32:28.960 align:start position:0%
>> That's a great question to ponder. What

00:32:28.960 --> 00:32:31.190 align:start position:0%
>> That's a great question to ponder. What
are<00:32:29.120><c> those</c><00:32:29.360><c> hidden</c><00:32:29.760><c> foundations</c><00:32:30.480><c> in</c><00:32:30.880><c> anything</c>

00:32:31.190 --> 00:32:31.200 align:start position:0%
are those hidden foundations in anything

00:32:31.200 --> 00:32:33.669 align:start position:0%
are those hidden foundations in anything
we<00:32:31.440><c> do?</c><00:32:31.679><c> Seriously?</c><00:32:33.039><c> Well,</c><00:32:33.279><c> what</c><00:32:33.440><c> an</c>

00:32:33.669 --> 00:32:33.679 align:start position:0%
we do? Seriously? Well, what an

00:32:33.679 --> 00:32:35.509 align:start position:0%
we do? Seriously? Well, what an
incredible<00:32:34.240><c> deep</c><00:32:34.559><c> dive</c><00:32:34.960><c> into</c><00:32:35.279><c> the</c>

00:32:35.509 --> 00:32:35.519 align:start position:0%
incredible deep dive into the

00:32:35.519 --> 00:32:37.830 align:start position:0%
incredible deep dive into the
meticulously<00:32:36.399><c> engineered</c><00:32:36.960><c> world</c><00:32:37.200><c> of</c><00:32:37.519><c> high</c>

00:32:37.830 --> 00:32:37.840 align:start position:0%
meticulously engineered world of high

00:32:37.840 --> 00:32:40.230 align:start position:0%
meticulously engineered world of high
power<00:32:38.159><c> rocketry</c><00:32:38.799><c> today.</c><00:32:39.360><c> We've</c><00:32:39.679><c> gone</c><00:32:39.919><c> from</c>

00:32:40.230 --> 00:32:40.240 align:start position:0%
power rocketry today. We've gone from

00:32:40.240 --> 00:32:42.950 align:start position:0%
power rocketry today. We've gone from
the<00:32:40.480><c> big</c><00:32:40.720><c> picture</c><00:32:41.039><c> of</c><00:32:41.279><c> FAA</c><00:32:41.840><c> regulations</c><00:32:42.720><c> all</c>

00:32:42.950 --> 00:32:42.960 align:start position:0%
the big picture of FAA regulations all

00:32:42.960 --> 00:32:45.190 align:start position:0%
the big picture of FAA regulations all
the<00:32:43.120><c> way</c><00:32:43.279><c> down</c><00:32:43.519><c> to</c><00:32:43.679><c> the</c><00:32:43.919><c> tiny</c><00:32:44.399><c> crucial</c><00:32:44.799><c> detail</c>

00:32:45.190 --> 00:32:45.200 align:start position:0%
the way down to the tiny crucial detail

00:32:45.200 --> 00:32:47.669 align:start position:0%
the way down to the tiny crucial detail
of<00:32:45.360><c> event</c><00:32:45.760><c> hole.</c><00:32:46.399><c> And</c><00:32:46.559><c> we've</c><00:32:46.799><c> unpacked</c><00:32:47.279><c> that</c>

00:32:47.669 --> 00:32:47.679 align:start position:0%
of event hole. And we've unpacked that

00:32:47.679 --> 00:32:49.990 align:start position:0%
of event hole. And we've unpacked that
secret<00:32:48.000><c> language</c><00:32:48.399><c> of</c><00:32:48.720><c> rocket</c><00:32:49.039><c> motors.</c>

00:32:49.990 --> 00:32:50.000 align:start position:0%
secret language of rocket motors.

00:32:50.000 --> 00:32:51.269 align:start position:0%
secret language of rocket motors.
Hopefully,<00:32:50.320><c> you're</c><00:32:50.559><c> now</c><00:32:50.720><c> feeling</c><00:32:51.039><c> well</c>

00:32:51.269 --> 00:32:51.279 align:start position:0%
Hopefully, you're now feeling well

00:32:51.279 --> 00:32:52.870 align:start position:0%
Hopefully, you're now feeling well
informed,<00:32:51.760><c> perhaps</c><00:32:52.000><c> a</c><00:32:52.240><c> little</c><00:32:52.320><c> wiser</c><00:32:52.720><c> about</c>

00:32:52.870 --> 00:32:52.880 align:start position:0%
informed, perhaps a little wiser about

00:32:52.880 --> 00:32:54.710 align:start position:0%
informed, perhaps a little wiser about
aerodynamics,<00:32:53.679><c> maybe</c><00:32:53.919><c> slightly</c><00:32:54.240><c> terrified</c>

00:32:54.710 --> 00:32:54.720 align:start position:0%
aerodynamics, maybe slightly terrified

00:32:54.720 --> 00:32:55.750 align:start position:0%
aerodynamics, maybe slightly terrified
about<00:32:54.960><c> kinetic</c><00:32:55.360><c> energy.</c>

00:32:55.750 --> 00:32:55.760 align:start position:0%
about kinetic energy.

00:32:55.760 --> 00:32:57.110 align:start position:0%
about kinetic energy.
>> Yeah.<00:32:56.080><c> Maybe</c><00:32:56.240><c> a</c><00:32:56.399><c> healthy</c><00:32:56.640><c> respect.</c>

00:32:57.110 --> 00:32:57.120 align:start position:0%
>> Yeah. Maybe a healthy respect.

00:32:57.120 --> 00:32:59.590 align:start position:0%
>> Yeah. Maybe a healthy respect.
>> A<00:32:57.360><c> healthy</c><00:32:57.679><c> respect.</c><00:32:58.320><c> Exactly.</c><00:32:59.039><c> And</c><00:32:59.279><c> maybe</c>

00:32:59.590 --> 00:32:59.600 align:start position:0%
>> A healthy respect. Exactly. And maybe

00:32:59.600 --> 00:33:01.909 align:start position:0%
>> A healthy respect. Exactly. And maybe
even<00:32:59.840><c> a</c><00:33:00.080><c> touch</c><00:33:00.320><c> inspired</c><00:33:00.799><c> by</c><00:33:01.039><c> the</c><00:33:01.200><c> incredible</c>

00:33:01.909 --> 00:33:01.919 align:start position:0%
even a touch inspired by the incredible

00:33:01.919 --> 00:33:03.750 align:start position:0%
even a touch inspired by the incredible
precision<00:33:02.399><c> and</c><00:33:02.640><c> rigorous</c><00:33:03.039><c> safety</c><00:33:03.440><c> culture</c>

00:33:03.750 --> 00:33:03.760 align:start position:0%
precision and rigorous safety culture

00:33:03.760 --> 00:33:05.909 align:start position:0%
precision and rigorous safety culture
that<00:33:04.000><c> makes</c><00:33:04.240><c> this</c><00:33:04.480><c> truly</c><00:33:04.880><c> exhilarating</c><00:33:05.519><c> hobby</c>

00:33:05.909 --> 00:33:05.919 align:start position:0%
that makes this truly exhilarating hobby

00:33:05.919 --> 00:33:07.909 align:start position:0%
that makes this truly exhilarating hobby
possible.<00:33:06.799><c> Thanks</c><00:33:07.039><c> so</c><00:33:07.200><c> much</c><00:33:07.360><c> for</c><00:33:07.519><c> joining</c><00:33:07.760><c> us</c>

00:33:07.909 --> 00:33:07.919 align:start position:0%
possible. Thanks so much for joining us

00:33:07.919 --> 00:33:10.960 align:start position:0%
possible. Thanks so much for joining us
for<00:33:08.080><c> this</c><00:33:08.240><c> deep</c><00:33:08.480><c> dive.</c>

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